Patents by Inventor Wassim El-Hassan
Wassim El-Hassan has filed for patents to protect the following inventions. This listing includes patent applications that are pending as well as patents that have already been granted by the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO).
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Publication number: 20230361889Abstract: A radio frequency device includes antennas, transmitters, power detectors, a memory storing instructions and an antenna gain lookup table, and processors. The processors execute instructions that include instructing the transmitters to send transmission signals through the antennas to form a first beamformed signal having a first beam direction and a first frequency using multiple input powers. The instructions include determining radio frequency integrated circuit (RFIC) gains associated with the transmitters based on the transmission signals using the power detectors. Moreover, the instructions include determining the antenna gains for the antennas based on the first beam direction and the first frequency of the first beamformed signal, and the antenna gain lookup table. The instructions also include determining total gains based on the RFIC gains and the antenna gains, and adjusting the input powers based on the total gains and a back off power signal.Type: ApplicationFiled: July 21, 2023Publication date: November 9, 2023Inventors: Wassim El-Hassan, Gurusubrahmaniyan Subrahmaniyan Radhakrishnan, Srinivasa Yasasvy Sateesh Bhamidipati, Daphne Irene Gorman, Vineet Nayak, Xuefeng Zhao
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Patent number: 11722230Abstract: A radio frequency device includes antennas, transmitters, power detectors, a memory storing instructions and an antenna gain lookup table, and processors. The processors execute instructions that include instructing the transmitters to send transmission signals through the antennas to form a first beamformed signal having a first beam direction and a first frequency using multiple input powers. The instructions include determining radio frequency integrated circuit (RFIC) gains associated with the transmitters based on the transmission signals using the power detectors. Moreover, the instructions include determining the antenna gains for the antennas based on the first beam direction and the first frequency of the first beamformed signal, and the antenna gain lookup table. The instructions also include determining total gains based on the RFIC gains and the antenna gains, and adjusting the input powers based on the total gains and a back off power signal.Type: GrantFiled: October 8, 2020Date of Patent: August 8, 2023Assignee: Apple Inc.Inventors: Wassim El-Hassan, Gurusubrahmaniyan Subrahmaniyan Radhakrishnan, Srinivasa Yasasvy Sateesh Bhamidipati, Daphne Irene Gorman, Vineet Nayak, Xuefeng Zhao
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Patent number: 11637640Abstract: A user equipment (UE) configured to perform self-calibration. The UE includes a first radio configured to perform implicit beamforming and further configured to transmit and receive signals during the calibration procedure. The UE further includes a first plurality of antennas communicatively coupled to the first radio, a second radio configured to transmit and receive signals during the calibration procedure and at least one second antenna communicatively coupled to the second radio. The calibration procedure includes the second radio transmitting a tone signal over the calibration frequency and a first antenna of the first radio receiving the tone signal and a second antenna of the first radio receiving the tone signal.Type: GrantFiled: September 25, 2020Date of Patent: April 25, 2023Assignee: Apple Inc.Inventors: Kai Bai, Wassim El-Hassan, Linchao Liao, Ding Nie
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Patent number: 11349533Abstract: Wireless network interfaces that are capable of transmitting and/or receiving beamformed radiofrequency (RF) signals may be assisted by the use of codebooks. Electronic devices with memory to store a database of codebooks may be used to increase the number of entries available for operation. The database of codebooks may employ environmental parameters to improve efficiency of the wireless network interface. Methods for calibration of electronic devices and/or adjustment and selection of codebooks based on the parameters are also described. The calibration may employ a testing chamber that measure powers at in a limited number of angles.Type: GrantFiled: September 28, 2018Date of Patent: May 31, 2022Assignee: Apple Inc.Inventors: Srinivasa Yasasvy Sateesh Bhamidipati, Vineet Nayak, Wassim El-Hassan, Xuefeng Zhao
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Publication number: 20220045772Abstract: A radio frequency device includes antennas, transmitters, power detectors, a memory storing instructions and an antenna gain lookup table, and processors. The processors execute instructions that include instructing the transmitters to send transmission signals through the antennas to form a first beamformed signal having a first beam direction and a first frequency using multiple input powers. The instructions include determining radio frequency integrated circuit (RFIC) gains associated with the transmitters based on the transmission signals using the power detectors. Moreover, the instructions include determining the antenna gains for the antennas based on the first beam direction and the first frequency of the first beamformed signal, and the antenna gain lookup table. The instructions also include determining total gains based on the RFIC gains and the antenna gains, and adjusting the input powers based on the total gains and a back off power signal.Type: ApplicationFiled: October 8, 2020Publication date: February 10, 2022Inventors: Wassim El-Hassan, Gurusubrahmaniyan Subrahmaniyan Radhakrishnan, Srinivasa Yasasvy Sateesh Bhamidipati, Daphne Irene Gorman, Vineet Nayak, Xuefeng Zhao
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Patent number: 11012164Abstract: An electronic device has multiple transmitters to transmit multiple signals. The electronic device also has a receiver to receive a signal. Moreover, the electronic device has a memory to store instructions and a processor to execute the instructions. The instructions cause the processor to send a test transmission signal from a transmitter of the multiple of transmitters, receive the test transmission signal at the receiver, and determine a gain of the test transmission signal. In response to determining that the gain is within a threshold range of an initial gain, the instructions cause the processor to send an indication that the receiver is operating as expected.Type: GrantFiled: September 27, 2019Date of Patent: May 18, 2021Assignee: Apple Inc.Inventors: Wassim El-Hassan, Bassel Husam Alesh, Srinivasa Yasasvy Sateesh Bhamidipati, Daphne Irene Gorman, Vineet Nayak, Xuefeng Zhao, Xiaohui Gong
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Publication number: 20210099242Abstract: A user equipment (UE) configured to perform self-calibration. The UE includes a first radio configured to perform implicit beamforming and further configured to transmit and receive signals during the calibration procedure. The UE further includes a first plurality of antennas communicatively coupled to the first radio, a second radio configured to transmit and receive signals during the calibration procedure and at least one second antenna communicatively coupled to the second radio. The calibration procedure includes the second radio transmitting a tone signal over the calibration frequency and a first antenna of the first radio receiving the tone signal and a second antenna of the first radio receiving the tone signal.Type: ApplicationFiled: September 25, 2020Publication date: April 1, 2021Inventors: Kai BAI, Wassim EL-HASSAN, Linchao LIAO, Ding NIE
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Publication number: 20210099241Abstract: An electronic device has multiple transmitters to transmit multiple signals. The electronic device also has a receiver to receive a signal. Moreover, the electronic device has a memory to store instructions and a processor to execute the instructions. The instructions cause the processor to send a test transmission signal from a transmitter of the multiple of transmitters, receive the test transmission signal at the receiver, and determine a gain of the test transmission signal. In response to determining that the gain is within a threshold range of an initial gain, the instructions cause the processor to send an indication that the receiver is operating as expected.Type: ApplicationFiled: September 27, 2019Publication date: April 1, 2021Inventors: Wassim El-Hassan, Bassel Husam Alesh, Srinivasa Yasasvy Sateesh Bhamidipati, Daphne Irene Gorman, Vineet Nayak, Xuefeng Zhao, Xiaohui Gong
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Patent number: 10833750Abstract: Wireless network interfaces that are capable of transmitting and/or receiving beamformed radiofrequency (RF) signals may be assisted by the use of codebooks. Electronic devices with memory to store a database of codebooks may be used to increase the number of entries available for operation. The database of codebooks may employ environmental parameters to improve efficiency of the wireless network interface. Methods for calibration of electronic devices and/or adjustment and selection of codebooks based on the parameters are also described. The calibration may employ a testing chamber that measure powers at in a limited number of angles.Type: GrantFiled: September 28, 2018Date of Patent: November 10, 2020Assignee: Apple Inc.Inventors: Srinivasa Yasasvy Sateesh Bhamidipati, Vineet Nayak, Wassim El-Hassan, Xuefeng Zhao
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Patent number: 10778345Abstract: The representative embodiments discussed in the present disclosure relate to techniques in which the operating characteristics (e.g., gain and/or efficiency) of a power amplifier in a transmitter may be regulated according to an operation mode of the transmitter. More specifically, in some embodiments, different look-up tables (LUTs) may be employed for each mode of operation to suitably adjust the supply voltage to the power amplifier and modulate its operating characteristics based on power input to the power amplifier. Further, in some embodiments, a method to calibrate a LUT for uplink carrier aggregation (ULCA) operation mode of the transmitter may be employed to populate a LUT used to suitably adjust the supply voltage during ULCA.Type: GrantFiled: January 4, 2018Date of Patent: September 15, 2020Assignee: Apple, Inc.Inventors: Wassim El-Hassan, Mohammad Reza Ghajar, Gurusubrahmaniyan Subrahmaniyan Radhakrishnan, Vineet Nayak, Srinivasa Yasasvy Sateesh Bhamidipati
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Patent number: 10666366Abstract: An electronic device may include a feedback circuit that may determine an error of a first signal to be transmitted to a second electronic device. The electronic device may also include a transceiver that may adjust the first signal based on the error and send the adjusted first signal to the second electronic device. The electronic device may also include a coupler circuitry configured to route a second signal received from the second electronic device or a third electronic device to the feedback circuit, such that the feedback circuit may determine one or more properties associated with the second signal.Type: GrantFiled: July 3, 2018Date of Patent: May 26, 2020Assignee: Apple Inc.Inventors: Wassim El-Hassan, Yingjie Xu
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Patent number: 10637590Abstract: An electronic device may be provided with wireless circuitry that handles millimeter wave communications. The wireless circuitry may be tested using a test system that includes a fixture, computing equipment, and a substrate placed in the fixture. The fixture may hold an array of antennas on the substrate at a selected distance from an array of antennas on the wireless circuitry under test. The array on the substrate may receive millimeter wave test signals from the wireless circuitry under test. A transmission line may convey the millimeter wave test signals to a signal analyzer without down-converting the signals. The analyzer and computing equipment may identify performance metric data based on the test signals and may determine whether the wireless circuitry has satisfactory performance based on the performance metric data. The test system may be calibrated using settings that are specific to the design of the wireless circuitry under test.Type: GrantFiled: February 10, 2017Date of Patent: April 28, 2020Assignee: Apple Inc.Inventor: Wassim El-Hassan
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Publication number: 20200106506Abstract: Wireless network interfaces that are capable of transmitting and/or receiving beamformed radiofrequency (RF) signals may be assisted by the use of codebooks. Electronic devices with memory to store a database of codebooks may be used to increase the number of entries available for operation. The database of codebooks may employ environmental parameters to improve efficiency of the wireless network interface. Methods for calibration of electronic devices and/or adjustment and selection of codebooks based on the parameters are also described. The calibration may employ a testing chamber that measure powers at in a limited number of angles.Type: ApplicationFiled: September 28, 2018Publication date: April 2, 2020Inventors: Srinivasa Yasasvy Sateesh Bhamidipati, Vineet Nayak, Wassim El-Hassan, Xuefeng Zhao
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Publication number: 20200106493Abstract: Wireless network interfaces that are capable of transmitting and/or receiving beamformed radiofrequency (RF) signals may be assisted by the use of codebooks. Electronic devices with memory to store a database of codebooks may be used to increase the number of entries available for operation. The database of codebooks may employ environmental parameters to improve efficiency of the wireless network interface. Methods for calibration of electronic devices and/or adjustment and selection of codebooks based on the parameters are also described. The calibration may employ a testing chamber that measure powers at in a limited number of angles.Type: ApplicationFiled: September 28, 2018Publication date: April 2, 2020Inventors: Srinivasa Yasasvy Sateesh Bhamidipati, Vineet Nayak, Wassim El-Hassan, Xuefeng Zhao
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Publication number: 20200014472Abstract: An electronic device may include a feedback circuit that may determine an error of a first signal to be transmitted to a second electronic device. The electronic device may also include a transceiver that may adjust the first signal based on the error and send the adjusted first signal to the second electronic device. The electronic device may also include a coupler circuitry configured to route a second signal received from the second electronic device or a third electronic device to the feedback circuit, such that the feedback circuit may determine one or more properties associated with the second signal.Type: ApplicationFiled: July 3, 2018Publication date: January 9, 2020Inventors: Wassim El-Hassan, Yingjie Xu
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Patent number: 10454423Abstract: The representative embodiments discussed in the present disclosure relate to techniques in which the operating characteristics (e.g., power consumption) of a power amplifier in a transceiver may be regulated according to an operation mode of the transceiver. More specifically, in some embodiments, different LUTs may be employed for each mode of operation to suitably adjust the supply voltage (e.g., bias voltage) and/or quiescent current input to the power amplifier based on an input signal and a margin by which transmission standards are met. Further, in some embodiments, a method to calibrate a LUT for average power tracking and/or envelope tracking in a transceiver mode of operation may be employed to populate a LUT that may be used to suitably adjust the power and/or current consumption of the power amplifier.Type: GrantFiled: April 12, 2018Date of Patent: October 22, 2019Assignee: APPLE INC.Inventors: Wassim El-Hassan, Gurusubrahmaniyan Subrahmaniyan Radhakrishnan, Vineet Nayak, Srinivasa Yasasvy Sateesh Bhamidipati, Jaydeep Vijay Ranade
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Publication number: 20190319583Abstract: The representative embodiments discussed in the present disclosure relate to techniques in which the operating characteristics (e.g., power consumption) of a power amplifier in a transceiver may be regulated according to an operation mode of the transceiver. More specifically, in some embodiments, different LUTs may be employed for each mode of operation to suitably adjust the supply voltage (e.g., bias voltage) and/or quiescent current input to the power amplifier based on an input signal and a margin by which transmission standards are met. Further, in some embodiments, a method to calibrate a LUT for average power tracking and/or envelope tracking in a transceiver mode of operation may be employed to populate a LUT that may be used to suitably adjust the power and/or current consumption of the power amplifier.Type: ApplicationFiled: April 12, 2018Publication date: October 17, 2019Inventors: Wassim El-Hassan, Gurusubrahmaniyan Subrahmaniyan Radhakrishnan, Vineet Nayak, Srinivasa Yasasvy Sateesh Bhamidipati, Jaydeep Vijay Ranade
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Publication number: 20190081712Abstract: The representative embodiments discussed in the present disclosure relate to techniques in which the operating characteristics (e.g., gain and/or efficiency) of a power amplifier in a transmitter may be regulated according to an operation mode of the transmitter. More specifically, in some embodiments, different LUTs may be employed for each mode of operation to suitably adjust the supply voltage to the power amplifier and modulate its operating characteristics based on power input to the power amplifier. Further, in some embodiments, a method to calibrate a LUT for ULCA, an operation mode of the transmitter, may be employed to populate a LUT that may be used to suitably adjust the supply voltage during ULCA.Type: ApplicationFiled: January 4, 2018Publication date: March 14, 2019Inventors: Wassim El-Hassan, Mohammad Reza Ghajar, Gurusubrahmaniyan Subrahmaniyan Radhakrishnan, Vineet Nayak, Srinivasa Yasasvy Sateesh Bhamidipati
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Publication number: 20180048398Abstract: An electronic device may be provided with wireless circuitry that handles millimeter wave communications. The wireless circuitry may be tested using a test system that includes a fixture, computing equipment, and a substrate placed in the fixture. The fixture may hold an array of antennas on the substrate at a selected distance from an array of antennas on the wireless circuitry under test. The array on the substrate may receive millimeter wave test signals from the wireless circuitry under test. A transmission line may convey the millimeter wave test signals to a signal analyzer without down-converting the signals. The analyzer and computing equipment may identify performance metric data based on the test signals and may determine whether the wireless circuitry has satisfactory performance based on the performance metric data. The test system may be calibrated using settings that are specific to the design of the wireless circuitry under test.Type: ApplicationFiled: February 10, 2017Publication date: February 15, 2018Inventor: Wassim El-Hassan
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Patent number: 9876588Abstract: Radio-frequency performance of wireless communications circuitry on an electronic device under test (DUT) may be tested without external test equipment such as signal analyzers or signal generators. A first DUT may transmit test signals to a second DUT. External attenuator circuitry interposed between the DUTs may attenuate the test signals to desired power levels. The second DUT may characterize and/or calibrate receiver performance by generating wireless performance metric data based on the attenuated test signals. A single DUT may transmit test signals to itself via corresponding transmit and receive ports coupled together through the attenuator. The DUT may generate performance metric data based on the test signals. The DUT may include feedback receiver circuitry coupled to an output of a transmitter via a feedback path and may characterize and/or calibrate transmit performance using test signals transmitted by the transmitter and received by the feedback receiver.Type: GrantFiled: September 4, 2014Date of Patent: January 23, 2018Assignee: Apple Inc.Inventors: Chao Yuan, Wassim El-Hassan, Vishwanath Venkataraman