Abstract: An assistance apparatus according to an embodiment includes: a concreteness calculation unit for calculating, by using a plurality of predetermined words included in an input sentence and an answer expression describing an answer to at least one 5W1H sentence in the input sentence, concreteness indicating a degree to which the input sentence is concretely written; and a notification sentence creation unit for creating a notification sentence for encouraging a user to write a concrete sentence in a case in which the concreteness is lower than a predetermined threshold.

Abstract: A dialog assistance apparatus facilitates a dialog by including a first estimation unit that estimates, with respect to a field related to speech content of a first speaker, a knowledge level of a second speaker having a dialog with the first speaker, an acquisition unit that acquires, from a storage unit that stores a question in association with a keyword and the knowledge level, a question corresponding to a keyword included in the speech content and corresponding to the knowledge level of the second speaker, and an output unit that outputs the acquired question to the first speaker.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to lubricating oil compositions useful for reducing NOACK volatility in finished lubricating oils of an internal combustion engine. Also disclosed is a method for reducing NOACK volatility in finished lubricating oils in said engine.

Abstract: Organic photoelectric conversion element has a first electrode, a photoelectric conversion layer, and a second electrode. The photoelectric conversion layer has a first organic layer that contains a first organic semiconductor containing principally a p-type organic semiconductor, a second organic layer that contains a second organic semiconductor containing principally an n-type organic semiconductor, and an intermediate layer that contains the first organic semiconductor and the second organic semiconductor. The second organic layer is disposed at a side of the second electrode relative to the first organic layer. The intermediate layer is between the first organic layer and the second organic layer and reaches each of these layers. The thickness of the second organic layer is greater than the sum of the thicknesses of the first organic layer and intermediate layer.

Abstract: Organic photoelectric conversion element has a first electrode, a photoelectric conversion layer, and a second electrode. The photoelectric conversion layer has a first organic layer that contains a first organic semiconductor containing principally a p-type organic semiconductor, a second organic layer that contains a second organic semiconductor containing principally an n-type organic semiconductor, and an intermediate layer that contains the first organic semiconductor and the second organic semiconductor. The second organic layer is disposed at a side of the second electrode relative to the first organic layer. The intermediate layer is between the first organic layer and the second organic layer and reaches each of these layers. The thickness of the second organic layer is greater than the sum of the thicknesses of the first organic layer and intermediate layer.

Abstract: A photodetector 1A comprises a multilayer structure 3 having a first layer 4 constituted by first metal or first semiconductor, a semiconductor structure layer 5 mounted on the first layer 4 and adapted to excite an electron by plasmon resonance, and a second layer 6 mounted on the semiconductor structure layer 5 and constituted by second metal or second semiconductor.

Abstract: A photodetector 1A comprises an optical element 10, having a structure including first regions and second regions periodically arranged with respect to the first regions along a plane perpendicular to a predetermined direction, for generating an electric field component in the predetermined direction when light is incident thereon along the predetermined direction; and a semiconductor multilayer body 4 having a quantum cascade structure, arranged on the other side opposite from one side in the predetermined direction with respect to the optical element, for producing a current according to the electric field component in the predetermined direction generated by the optical element 10; while the quantum cascade structure includes an active region 4b for exciting an electron and an injector region 4c for transporting the electron, the active region 4b being formed on the outermost surface on the one side of the injector region 4c in the quantum cascade structure.

Abstract: A photodetector 1A comprises an optical element 10, having a structure including first regions and second regions periodically arranged with respect to the first regions along a plane perpendicular to a predetermined direction, for generating an electric field component in the predetermined direction when light is incident thereon along the predetermined direction; arid a semiconductor multilayer body 4 having a quantum cascade structure, arranged on the other side opposite from one side in the predetermined direction with respect to the optical element, for producing a current according to the electric field component in the predetermined direction generated by the optical element 10; while the quantum cascade structure includes an active region 4b having a first upper quantum level and a second upper quantum level lower than the first upper quantum level, and an injector region 4c for transporting an electron excited by the active region 4b.

Abstract: A photodetector 1A comprises an optical element 10A for generating an electric field component in a predetermined direction when light is incident thereon along the predetermined direction, the optical element 10A having a structure including first regions and second regions periodically arranged with respect to the first regions along a plane perpendicular to the predetermined direction; and a semiconductor layer 40, arranged on the other side opposite from one side in the predetermined direction with respect to the optical element 10A, having a semiconductor multilayer body 42 for generating a current according to the electric field component; each end part on the other side of the second regions being located closer to the other side than is each end part on the other side of the first regions; each first region being made of a dielectric body having a refractive index greater than that of each second region.

Abstract: A photodetector 1A comprises a multilayer structure 3 having a first layer 4 constituted by first metal or first semiconductor, a semiconductor structure layer 5 mounted on the first layer 4 and adapted to excite an electron by plasmon resonance, and a second layer 6 mounted on the semiconductor structure layer 5 and constituted by second metal or second semiconductor.

Abstract: A torsion beam type suspension has no risk that a beam body will directly contact with a fuel tank, or that a frontward projecting portion of a stabilizer will contact with the fuel tank. In a torsion beam type suspension in which a pair of trailing arms are connected to the beam body to form an H-shaped torsion beam, and both ends of the stabilizer separate from the torsion beam are connected to the trailing arms, both-side parts of the stabilizer 7 extending along the beam body 2a are attached to a vehicle body 4, a portion between vehicle body attachment parts 9 of the stabilizer 7 is curved downward, and the curved part 10 is disposed at the rear of the fuel tank 11 and in front of the beam body 2a.

Abstract: A torsion beam type suspension has no risk that a beam body will directly contact with a fuel tank, or that a frontward projecting portion of a stabilizer will contact with the fuel tank. In a torsion beam type suspension in which a pair of trailing arms are connected to the beam body to form an H-shaped torsion beam, and both ends of the stabilizer separate from the torsion beam are connected to the trailing arms, both-side parts of the stabilizer 7 extending along the beam body 2a are attached to a vehicle body 4, a portion between vehicle body attachment parts 9 of the stabilizer 7 is curved downward, and the curved part 10 is disposed at the rear of the fuel tank 11 and in front of the beam body 2a.