Abstract: Aspects and embodiments relate to a plasmonic metamaterial structure, applications and devices including that plasmonic metamaterial structure, and a method of forming that plasmonic metamaterial structure. Aspects and embodiments provide a plasmonic metamaterial structure which comprises: a plurality of optical antenna elements. The plurality of optical antenna elements comprise: a first electrode, a second electrode and a plasmonic nanostructure element located between the first and second electrode to form an electron tunnelling junction between the first and second electrodes. The plurality of optical antenna elements are configured such that the electromagnetic field of one optical antenna element spatially overlaps that of adjacent optical antenna elements and adjacent optical antenna elements are electromagnetically coupled to allow the plurality of optical antenna elements to act as a plasmonic metamaterial.

Abstract: Aspects and embodiments relate to a plasmonic metamaterial structure, applications and devices including that plasmonic metamaterial structure, and a method of forming that plasmonic metamaterial structure. Aspects and embodiments provide a plasmonic metamaterial structure which comprises: a plurality of optical antenna elements. The plurality of optical antenna elements comprise: a first electrode, a second electrode and a plasmonic nanostructure element located between the first and second electrode to form an electron tunnelling junction between the first and second electrodes. The plurality of optical antenna elements are configured such that the electromagnetic field of one optical antenna element spatially overlaps that of adjacent optical antenna elements and adjacent optical antenna elements are electromagnetically coupled to allow the plurality of optical antenna elements to act as a plasmonic metamaterial.

Abstract: A plasmonic hydrogen detector and method of constructing a plasmonic hydrogen detector. The plasmonic hydrogen detector comprises: a structure comprising a support and a plurality of nanostructure elements. The plurality of nanostructure elements comprise a plasmonic material and a hydrogen sensitive material. The plurality of nanostructure elements are configured on the support to allow the structure to act as a plasmonic metamaterial. The hydrogen sensitive material is configured to cause a change in permittivity of the plasmonic metamaterial in the presence of hydrogen. Aspects and embodiments described recognise that use of a plasmonic metamaterial as a hydrogen detector can result in a highly sensitive detector. That sensitivity stems from the sensitivity of strong plasmonic coupling between individual nanostructure elements in the metamaterial to external perturbations, for example, as a result of a physical or chemical environmental change.

Abstract: The present invention is a device that aerates lawn or soil using a unique triangular shaped tine or spike. The spikes are arranged on drums in a pattern. The drums can be filled with a fluid such as water or a granular material such as sand to adjust the depth to which the spikes penetrate. The drums may be angled with respect to the direction of travel to impart a transverse movement to the soil. The triangular shape of the spikes and the transverse movement greatly enhances the degree of aeration and results in significantly better aeration compared to using round spikes and coring devices. The surface is not cluttered with cored debris, so the present invention can be used on playing fields or lawns where post aeration appearance is important.