Abstract: The invention presented involves a method for reducing emissions from or increasing the utilizable energy of fuel for powering diesel, gasoline or gasohol internal combustion engines, the method comprising admixing with the fuel an additive which comprises a fuel-soluble, nonionic, organometallic platinum group metal coordination composition which is a) resistant to breakdown under ambient temperatures; b) does not contain a disadvantageous amount of phosphorus, arsenic, antimony or halides; and c) has a partition ratio sufficient to maintain preferential solubility in the fuel.

Abstract: The invention presented involves a method for regenerating, replacing or treating the catalyst in a hydroprocessing reactor, the method comprising admixing with the feedstock, recycle stream or hydrogen stream of the reactor an additive which comprises a nonionic, organometallic platinum group metal coordination composition which is a) resistant to breakdown under ambient temperatures; b) capable of breakdown at temperatures existing in the vicinity of the catalyst; and c) does not contain a disadvantageous amount of phosphorus, arsenic, sulfur, antimony or halides.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for reducing nitrogen oxides in an effluent from the combustion of a carbonaceous fuel under oxygen-rich conditions which minimize the production of carbon-based pollutants. A dispersion of a dilute aqueous urea solution is injected into an effluent at a temperature above 2000.degree. F., and preferably above 2100.degree. F. The concentration of the urea in solution and the size of the droplets in the dispersion are selected to provide the reduction in nitrogen oxides. The solution will preferably contain at least 80% by weight solvent and contain droplets sized within the range of from 150 to 10,000 microns.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for reducing nitrogen oxides in an efflucent from the combustion of a carbonaceous fuel under oxygen-rich conditions which minimize the production of carbon-based pollutants. A dispersion of a solution comprising at least one additive compound selected from the group consisting of guanidine, guanidine carbonate, biguanide, guanylurea sulfate, melamine, dicyandiamide, calcium cyanamide, biuret, 1,1'-azobisformamide, methylol urea, methylol urea-urea condensation product, dimethylol urea, methyl urea, dimethyl urea, and hexamethylenetetramine is injected into an effluent at a temperature above 1300.degree. F., and preferably above 1500.degree. F. The concentration of the additive compound in solution, the temperature of the effluent at the point of injection, and the size of the droplets in the dispersion, are selected to provide a reduction in nitrogen oxides.

Abstract: The invention provides diesel fuel additive compositions comprising solutions of diesel fuel-soluble platinum group metal compounds in solvents miscible in the fuel, the platinum group metal complex being present in an amount sufficient to supply from 0.01 to 1.0 parts per million of the platinum group metal when added to a predetermined amount of fuel. Fuel compositions and methods employing them are also provided.

Abstract: The invention provides gasoline additive compositions comprising solutions of at least one fuel-soluble platinum group metal compound in a solvent miscible in the gasoline, the platinum group metal complex being present in an amount sufficient to supply from 0.01 to 1.0 parts per million of the platinum group metal when added to a predetermined amount of gasoline.Preferred solvents are oxygenated hydrocarbons such as ethanol, tetrahydrofuran, and methyl tertiary butyl ether, and will preferably be employed in amounts of less than 5% of the weight of the gasoline to provide oxygen and the metal at a weight ratio of from 1,000:1 to 100,000:1. Especially preferred compounds are those of the formula:X M.sup.II R.sub.2wherein X is a cyclooctadienyl ligand; M is a platinum group metal; and R is benzyl, phenyl or nitrobenzyl.

Abstract: The present invention improves flame combustion of liquid carbonaceous fuels by the preparation and use of a fuel additive comprising a finely-divided particulate hydrated compound in stable suspension in a liquid vehicle. The median major dimension of the primary particles of hydrated compound is preferably less than 10 microns. When employed at a level of from about 200 to about 5000 parts per million, the additive can improve the efficiency of combustion and reduce particulate emissions for flame combustion of liquid carbonaceous fuels, especially residual grades of fuel oil.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for reducing nitrogen oxides in an effluent from the combustion of a carbonaceous fuel under oxygen-rich conditions which minimize the production of carbon-based pollutants. A dispersion of a solution comprising at least one additive compound selected from the group consisting of guanidine, guanidine carbonate, biguanide, guanylurea sulfate, melamine, dicyandiamide, calcium cyanamide, biuret, 1,1'-azobisformamide, methylol urea, methylol urea-urea condensation product, dimethylol urea, methyl urea, dimethyl urea, and hexamethylenetetramine is injected into an effluent at a temperature above 1300.degree. F., and preferably above 1500.degree. F. The concentration of the additive compound in solution, the temperature of the effluent at the point of injection, and the size of the droplets in the dispersion, are selected to provide a reduction in nitrogen oxides.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for maintaining low effluent ammonia contents while reducing nitrogen oxides in an effluent from the combustion of a carbonaceous fuel under oxygen-rich conditions which minimize the production of carbon-based pollutants. An aqueous solution of urea and an oxygenated hydrocarbon is injected into an effluent at a temperature above 1600.degree. F., and preferably above 2000.degree. F. The oxygenated hydrocarbon will be employed at a level effective to reduce the levels of free ammonia in the effluent. This is important when burning fuels containing significant sulfur contents because the free ammonia tends to react with the sulfur compounds to produce solid ammonium sulfate and/or bisulfate which can decrease boiler efficiency.

Abstract: Suspensions of pulverized coal in fuel oil can be stabilized by treating fuel oil with an oil soluble polyamine containing at least two amino groups (or a polyamine which is rendered oil soluble upon reaction with suitable acid), then adding with agitation the desired amount of pulverized coal to the treated fuel oil and finally stabilizing the mixture by adding an oil soluble polycarboxylic acid containing at least two carboxyl groups in an amount sufficient to stabilize the coal-fuel oil mixture.Suitable amines may be selected from the group consisting of N-alkyl 1,3 diamino propanes and higher N-alkyl amines having more than two amino groups.Suitable acids may be selected from the group consisting of polymerized fatty acids and alkenyl polycarboxylic acids.

Abstract: An odor control composition principally for use in closed recirculating and holding tank type chemical toilet systems comprises at least one substantially neutral or basic transition metal salt of an inorganic acid or a lower aliphatic organic monocarboxylic acid dissolved in aqueous ammonia or an aqueous solution of a strong water soluble organic amine which is subsequently acidified with sufficient mono- or polyfunctional carboxylic acid or other suitable acidic ligand to produce a transition metal coordination compound and a buffer system in aqueous solution, whose pH is at least about 6.5 and preferably is at least about 7.0. The composition may, optionally also contain, an inorganic oxidizing agent such as an alkali metal nitrate, alkali metal permanganate, or alkali metal chlorite, a wetting or emulsifying organic sulfonate or sulfate, and for esthetic purposes, a masking agent such as a fragrance and a neutral or alkaline stable dye.