Abstract: An apparatus and method generate oxygen gas from sodium percarbonate and water including seawater. The apparatus includes a chamber, a valve system, and an output port. The valve system controls combining a quantity of the sodium percarbonate, a quantity of the water, a quantity of potassium iodide, and optionally a quantity of sodium sulfate decahydrate. A chemical reaction between the sodium percarbonate and the water in the chamber generates oxygen gas, which is output at an output port from the chamber. The potassium iodide is a catalyst for the chemical reaction and optionally the sodium sulfate decahydrate is a temperature moderator for the chemical reaction. A ratio between the water and the sodium percarbonate is in a range of 2.5 to 8 by weight. A ratio of the potassium iodide per liter of the water yields a molarity in a range of 0.25 to 1.25.

Abstract: An apparatus and method generate oxygen gas from sodium percarbonate and water including seawater. The apparatus includes a chamber, a valve system, and an output port. The valve system controls combining a quantity of the sodium percarbonate, a quantity of the water, a quantity of potassium iodide, and optionally a quantity of sodium sulfate decahydrate. A chemical reaction between the sodium percarbonate and the water in the chamber generates oxygen gas, which is output at an output port from the chamber. The potassium iodide is a catalyst for the chemical reaction and optionally the sodium sulfate decahydrate is a temperature moderator for the chemical reaction. A ratio between the water and the sodium percarbonate is in a range of 2.5 to 8 by weight. A ratio of the potassium iodide per liter of the water yields a molarity in a range of 0.25 to 1.25.

Abstract: An apparatus and method generate oxygen gas from sodium percarbonate and water including seawater. The apparatus includes a chamber, a valve system, and an output port. The valve system controls combining a quantity of the sodium percarbonate, a quantity of the water, a quantity of potassium iodide, and optionally a quantity of sodium sulfate decahydrate. A chemical reaction between the sodium percarbonate and the water in the chamber generates oxygen gas, which is output at an output port from the chamber. The potassium iodide is a catalyst for the chemical reaction and optionally the sodium sulfate decahydrate is a temperature moderator for the chemical reaction. A ratio between the water and the sodium percarbonate is in a range of 2.5 to 8 by weight. A ratio of the potassium iodide per liter of the water yields a molarity in a range of 0.25 to 1.25.

Abstract: An apparatus and method generate oxygen gas from sodium percarbonate and water including seawater. The apparatus includes a chamber, a valve system, and an output port. The valve system controls combining a quantity of the sodium percarbonate, a quantity of the water, a quantity of potassium iodide, and optionally a quantity of sodium sulfate decahydrate. A chemical reaction between the sodium percarbonate and the water in the chamber generates oxygen gas, which is output at an output port from the chamber. The potassium iodide is a catalyst for the chemical reaction and optionally the sodium sulfate decahydrate is a temperature moderator for the chemical reaction. A ratio between the water and the sodium percarbonate is in a range of 2.5 to 8 by weight. A ratio of the potassium iodide per liter of the water yields a molarity in a range of 0.25 to 1.25.

Abstract: An underwater hydrogen generator can include a watertight reaction housing enclosing a metering chamber. The metering chamber can have an upper portion that terminates at a piston opening, and a lower portion that merges into a funnel, which can further terminate at a metering opening. The metering chamber can be filled with an acid accelerator, and the watertight reaction void can be partially filled with NaBH4 in solution. The generator can further include a seawater float valve that can be in fluid communication between the external environment, the metering chamber and the void defined by the reaction housing. The float valve, metering chamber and reaction housing can cooperate to generate hydrogen when said generator is submerged, by allowing seawater to contact both the acid accelerator and the NaBH4. The size of the metering opening can determine the rate at which acid accelerator is added to the NaBH4 solution.

Abstract: An underwater hydrogen generator can include a watertight reaction housing enclosing a metering chamber. The metering chamber can have an upper portion that terminates at a piston opening, and a lower portion that merges into a funnel, which can further terminate at a metering opening. The metering chamber can be filled with an acid accelerator, and the watertight reaction void can be partially filled with NaBH4 in solution. The generator can further include a seawater float valve that can be in fluid communication between the external environment, the metering chamber and the void defined by the reaction housing. The float valve, metering chamber and reaction housing can cooperate to generate hydrogen when said generator is submerged, by allowing seawater to contact both the acid accelerator and the NaBH4. The size of the metering opening can determine the rate at which acid accelerator is added to the NaBH4 solution.

Abstract: An underwater hydrogen generator can include a watertight reaction housing enclosing a metering chamber. The metering chamber can have an upper portion that terminates at a piston opening, and a lower portion that merges into a funnel, which can further terminate at a metering opening. The metering chamber can be filled with an acid accelerator, and the watertight reaction void can be partially filled with NaBH4 in solution. The generator can further include a seawater float valve that can be in fluid communication between the external environment, the metering chamber and the void defined by the reaction housing. The float valve, metering chamber and reaction housing can cooperate to generate hydrogen when said generator is submerged, by allowing seawater to contact both the acid accelerator and the NaBH4. The size of the metering opening can determine the rate at which acid accelerator is added to the NaBH4 solution.

Abstract: An underwater hydrogen generator can include a watertight reaction housing enclosing a metering chamber. The metering chamber can have an upper portion that terminates at a piston opening, and a lower portion that merges into a funnel, which can further terminate at a metering opening. The metering chamber can be filled with an acid accelerator, and the watertight reaction void can be partially filled with NaBH4 in solution. The generator can further include a seawater float valve that can be in fluid communication between the external environment, the metering chamber and the void defined by the reaction housing. The float valve, metering chamber and reaction housing can cooperate to generate hydrogen when said generator is submerged, by allowing seawater to contact both the acid accelerator and the NaBH4. The size of the metering opening can determine the rate at which acid accelerator is added to the NaBH4 solution.

Abstract: A photoactive solution system for at least one of photochromic liquids and photoconductive liquids, involving a protonating solvent, comprising at least one of a first solvent and a second solvent, and an anthracene-derivative solute configured to dissolve in the protonating solvent, whereby a photoactive solution is responsive to light having a wavelength in at least one of a visible spectrum, a near-ultraviolet spectrum, and an ultraviolet spectrum, and whereby a photoactive response is elicitable.

Abstract: An apparatus and method provide a solute-solvent solution that allows the solute to become photo-protonated by the solvent on absorption of ultraviolet light. The solute is 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octamethylanthracene (OMA). The solvent is 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol (HFIP). The protonated form of the solute absorbs visible light to change the coloration of the solution from a substantially clear state to a colored state.