Abstract: Apparatus for illuminating comprises one or more fibers, the one or more fibers including fiber portions meeting at an apex and a bottom location to form a three dimensional cage; a detector attached to each of the fiber portions for receiving light and transmitting light along each of the fiber portions, respectively; and an illumination member situated within the cage. A method for illuminating a hollow member includes the steps of inserting one or more fibers into the hollow member, wherein one or more fibers include fiber portions that meet at a location to form a three-dimensional cage; permitting light to emit from within the three-dimensional cage and towards the fiber portions; receiving light at distinct locations on each of said fibers; and allowing each of the fibers to transmit the light received on each of the fiber portions out of the hollow member.

Abstract: A method for treating a condition in a tissue, includes the steps: (1) providing a PS within the tissue; (2) irradiating the tissue containing the PS with a first light of a first wavelength; and (3) irradiating the tissue containing the PS with a second light of a second wavelength so as to treat the condition in the tissue, wherein: (a) the PS absorbs light at the first wavelength and the second wavelength; and (b) the second light is more strongly absorbed by the tissue than the first light or vice versa, so as to achieve a predetermined absorbed photon density gradient. An apparatus for conducting the method includes first and second light sources, a power supply, a focusing device, and a controller which adjusts light emission such that I(d)=I(?1 at d=0)×exp (?eff (?1)×d)+I(?2 at d=0)×exp (?eff(?2)?d).

Abstract: Apparatus for illuminating comprises one or more fibers, the one or more fibers including fiber portions meeting at an apex and a bottom location to form a three dimensional cage; a detector attached to each of the fiber portions for receiving light and transmitting light along each of the fiber portions, respectively; and an illumination member situated within the cage. A method for illuminating a hollow member includes the steps of inserting one or more fibers into the hollow member, wherein one or more fibers include fiber portions that meet at a location to form a three-dimensional cage; permitting light to emit from within the three-dimensional cage and towards the fiber portions; receiving light at distinct locations on each of said fibers; and allowing each of the fibers to transmit the light received on each of the fiber portions out of the hollow member.

Abstract: A method for treating a condition in a tissue, includes the steps: (1) providing a PS within the tissue; (2) irradiating the tissue containing the PS with a first light of a first wavelength; and (3) irradiating the tissue containing the PS with a second light of a second wavelength so as to treat the condition in the tissue, wherein: (a) the PS absorbs light at the first wavelength and the second wavelength; and (b) the second light is more strongly absorbed by the tissue than the first light or vice versa, so as to achieve a predetermined absorbed photon density gradient. An apparatus for conducting the method includes first and second light sources, a power supply, a focusing device, and a controller which adjusts light emission such that I(d)=I(?1 at d=0)×exp (?eff (?1)×d)+I(?2 at d=0)×exp (?eff(?2)?d).

Abstract: The present invention may be used for converting fluid flow into an alternate energy form. A generally cylindrical enclosure may have a side wall with a plurality of slots longitudinally formed therein and with two opposed ends. Two drive members of a shaft may be spaced apart, positioned longitudinally on a centerline, and rotatably attached each to one of the two opposed ends. Each of the two drive members at an interior end may have an orthogonal member attached and a paddle shaft may be attached at a leverage end of the orthogonal members. Multiple paddles may be circumferentially spaced and radially attached at a first edge to rotate on the paddle shaft with an outer edge disposed to allow extension and retraction through one of the slots.

Abstract: The present invention may be used for converting fluid flow into an alternate energy form. A generally cylindrical enclosure may have a side wall with a plurality of slots longitudinally formed therein and with two opposed ends. Two drive members of a shaft may be spaced apart, positioned longitudinally on a centerline, and rotatably attached each to one of the two opposed ends. Each of the two drive members at an interior end may have an orthogonal member attached and a paddle shaft may be attached at a leverage end of the orthogonal members. Multiple paddles may be circumferentially spaced and radially attached at a first edge to rotate on the paddle shaft with an outer edge disposed to allow extension and retraction through one of the slots.