Abstract: A speaker system uses multiple sound chambers having phi ratios to create a dampening effect to filter out incoherent sounds, thus creating an enhanced listening experience that feels very natural to the listener. The speaker system has at least a sound driver, a first sound chamber having a first volume, and a second sound chamber having a second volume that is approximately 1.6 times the first volume. The speaker system can also have a second sound driver, and a third sound chamber having a third volume that is that is approximately 1.6 times the second volume.

Abstract: An earbud device having a user interface that incorporates a rotary switch is described. The rotary switch is part of a stem that extends from the main body of the earbud, and can provide file selection and/or volume control functions. The interface can include a pressure switch, which can provide switching between on, off, and sleep modes. The pressure switch can also be positioned on the stem, and in some embodiments the rotary switch can also act as the pressure switch when pressed. In some embodiments the user interface can utilize a combination of rotary switch and pressure switch inputs.

Abstract: Methods are provided that utilize irradiation to selectively induce release of granules (such as granules containing cytokines or other therapeutically active substances) from platelets. Such irradiation can be performed ex vivo or in vivo, and can be utilized to provide a treated platelet suspension for therapeutic infusion.

Abstract: Methods for producing and utilizing primed platelets are provided, in which platelets are primed for release of specific granule types and/or active compounds by irradiation, for example with electromagnetic radiation, an electrical field, and/or a magnetic field. Such irradiation can be performed ex vivo or in vivo. Such primed platelets have utility in treating inflammatory conditions, neurodegenerative conditions, and/or joint and tendon related injuries.

Abstract: An in-line filter uses scalar coils positioned in series with an input of a speaker to modify or enhance the audio quality and of the speaker, and its auditory effects on a user, by changing the sound signature and reducing digital noise. Scalar coils have two spiral windings with opposite winding directions. Scalar coils can also be used in series with a laser emitter that produces a laser beam that travels through the scalar coil, which produce electromagnetic forces that improve perceived audio quality in a user.

Abstract: A speaker system uses multiple sound chambers having phi ratios to create a dampening effect to filter out incoherent sounds, thus creating an enhanced listening experience that feels very natural to the listener. The speaker system has at least a sound driver, a first sound chamber having a first volume, and a second sound chamber having a second volume that is approximately 1.6 times the first volume. The speaker system can also have a second sound driver, and a third sound chamber having a third volume that is that is approximately 1.6 times the second volume.

Abstract: An earbud device having a user interface that incorporates a rotary switch is described. The rotary switch is part of a stem that extends from the main body of the earbud, and can provide file selection and/or volume control functions. The interface can include a pressure switch, which can provide switching between on, off, and sleep modes. The pressure switch can also be positioned on the stem, and in some embodiments the rotary switch can also act as the pressure switch when pressed. In some embodiments the user interface can utilize a combination of rotary switch and pressure switch inputs.

Abstract: An in-line filter uses scalar coils positioned in series with an input of a speaker to modify or enhance the audio quality and of the speaker, and its auditory effects on a user, by changing the sound signature and reducing digital noise. Scalar coils have two spiral windings with opposite winding directions. Scalar coils can also be used in series with a laser emitter that produces a laser beam that travels through the scalar coil, which produce electromagnetic forces that improve perceived audio quality in a user.

Abstract: Multiple speakers and isobaric chambers are used to enhance sound quality in an earbud. The earbud has a housing with a sound outlet, a first and second isobaric chambers that are in communication with the outlet. Two sound drivers in the housing are positioned to emit sound waves into the isobaric chambers separately. A divider is used to guide sound waves by creating an elongated channel in the second isobaric chamber. An ear hook has a third isobaric chamber and a third sound driver positioned to emit sound wave into the third isobaric chamber. The third isobaric chamber is in communication with the outlet through the second isobaric chamber.

Abstract: A speaker system uses multiple sound chambers having phi ratios to create a dampening effect to filter out incoherent sounds, thus creating an enhanced listening experience that feels very natural to the listener. The speaker system has at least a sound driver, a first sound chamber having a first volume, and a second sound chamber having a second volume that is approximately 1.6 times the first volume. The speaker system can also have a second sound driver, and a third sound chamber having a third volume that is that is approximately 1.6 times the second volume.

Abstract: Elongated scalar coils modify or enhance the audio quality and of a speaker system and its auditory effects on a user. A scalar coil has two spiral windings with opposite winding directions. Scalar coil is in series with an input of the speaker to change the sound signature and to reduce digital noise. Scalar coil is also in series with a laser emitter that produces a laser beam that travels through the scalar coil, which produce electromagnetic forces that improve perceived audio quality in a user.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for creating a sensation in which a sound driver emits sound waves according to incoming information, and one or more light emitters emit light waves with varying patterns according to amplitude and frequency changes in the incoming information. Preferably, only low frequency signals (below 50 Hz) are used to produce the pattern of the light waves, which are directed directly towards the tympanic membrane without any artificial barrier. Emitted light preferably reaches the inner ear region substantially simultaneously with emitted sound waves. A second light emitter can be used to emit light waves that are complementary to, and preferably between 175 and 185 degrees out of phase with, the light waves from the first light emitter, to produce scalar waves.

Abstract: An in-line filter uses scalar coils positioned in series with an input of a speaker to modify or enhance the audio quality and of the speaker, and its auditory effects on a user, by changing the sound signature and reducing digital noise. Scalar coils have two spiral windings with opposite winding directions. Scalar coils can also be used in series with a laser emitter that produces a laser beam that travels through the scalar coil, which produce electromagnetic forces that improve perceived audio quality in a user.

Abstract: An earbud that includes an array of capacitive sensors arranged on a stem extending from the earbud is disclosed. Elements of the array are connected in a bucket brigade arrangement, and can have different dimensions and/or compositions. Signals from the array of capacitive sensors are provided to a processor or microcontroller, which in turn provides instructions to a media player. The earbud can include a light source, such as a laser, that is also in communication with the controller.

Abstract: Multiple speakers and isobaric chambers are used to enhance sound quality in an earbud. The earbud has a housing with a sound outlet, a first and second isobaric chambers that are in communication with the outlet. Two sound drivers in the housing are positioned to emit sound waves into the isobaric chambers separately. A divider is used to guide sound waves by creating an elongated channel in the second isobaric chamber. An ear hook has a third isobaric chamber and a third sound driver positioned to emit sound wave into the third isobaric chamber. The third isobaric chamber is in communication with the outlet through the second isobaric chamber.

Abstract: Elongated scalar coils modify or enhance the audio quality and of a speaker system and its auditory effects on a user. A scalar coil has two spiral windings with opposite winding directions. Scalar coil is in series with an input of the speaker to change the sound signature and to reduce digital noise. Scalar coil is also in series with a laser emitter that produces a laser beam that travels through the scalar coil, which produce electromagnetic forces that improve perceived audio quality in a user.

Abstract: An earbud device having a user interface that incorporates a rotary switch is described. The rotary switch is part of a stem that extends from the main body of the earbud, and can provide file selection and/or volume control functions. The interface can include a pressure switch, which can provide switching between on, off, and sleep modes. The pressure switch can also be positioned on the stem, and in some embodiments the rotary switch can also act as the pressure switch when pressed. In some embodiments the user interface can utilize a combination of rotary switch and pressure switch inputs.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided in which characteristics of a user's voice are utilized to record and to generate a user-specific audio filter. The user-specific audio filter is applied to stored audio files to generate modified audio files that enhance the user's listening experience. In a preferred embodiment the system utilizes a portable audio player and a pair of earbuds.

Abstract: Devices, systems and methods for processing cellulosic material to produce fermentable sugars are provided. Devices, systems and methods for increasing fermentation rates of microbes via biostimulation are provided. Electrodes are preferably positioned along an interior or exterior of a tube-shaped component to administer electromagnetic/electric pulses to a solution comprising a microbe. Systems can advantageously be used in new biofuels production plants, or in existing biofuels production plants without the need for significant retrofits.

Abstract: A system and method for converting alternating current from at least two types of electronic ballasts for fluorescent bulbs into direct current for an array of LEDs. The device is assembled such that it can fit into existing fluorescent bulb fixtures. Alternating current from a contemplated electronic ballast can have one of two peak-to-peak voltages and the circuitry of the device will convert either alternating current into approximately the same direct current. In doing so, the array of LEDs is illuminated providing an LED alternative to fluorescent light bulbs.