Abstract: The invention broadly encompasses energy storage devices or systems and more specifically relates to methods of enhancing the performance of electrochemical double layer capacitors (EDLCs), or supercapacitors or ultracapacitors, and devices formed therefrom. In some embodiments, the invention relates generally to energy storage devices, such as EDLCs that use phosphonium-based electrolytes and methods for treating such devices to enhance their performance and operation. Embodiments of the invention further encompass conventional ammonium based electrolytes and phosphonium-based electrolytes comprised of phosphonium ionic liquids, salts, and compositions employed in such EDLCs.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to the removal of carbon dioxide from a gas stream, particularly a flue gas, hydrogen gas from a reformer, natural gas, or gas from a cement kiln. Immobilized enzymes for use in carbon capture and other systems are also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention generally encompasses phosphonium ionic liquids, salts, compositions and their use in many applications, including but not limited to: as electrolytes in electronic devices such as memory devices including static, permanent and dynamic random access memory, as electrolytes in energy storage devices such as batteries, electrochemical double layer capacitors (EDLCs) or supercapacitors or ultracapacitors, electrolytic capacitors, as electrolytes in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), as electrolytes in fuel cells, as a heat transfer medium, among other applications. In particular, the invention generally relates to phosphonium ionic liquids, salts, compositions, wherein the compositions exhibit superior combination of thermodynamic stability, low volatility, wide liquidus range, ionic conductivity, and electrochemical stability. The invention further encompasses methods of making such phosphonium ionic liquids, salts, compositions, operational devices and systems comprising the same.

Abstract: The invention broadly encompasses energy storage devices or systems and more specifically relates to methods of enhancing the performance of electrochemical double layer capacitors (EDLCs), or supercapacitors or ultracapacitors, and devices formed therefrom. In some embodiments, the invention relates generally to energy storage devices, such as EDLCs that use phosphonium-based electrolytes and methods for treating such devices to enhance their performance and operation. Embodiments of the invention further encompass phosphonium-based electrolytes comprised of phosphonium ionic liquids, salts, and compositions employed in such EDLCs.

Abstract: The invention generally encompasses phosphonium ionic liquids, salts, compositions and their use in many applications, including but not limited to: as electrolytes in electronic devices such as memory devices including static, permanent and dynamic random access memory, as electrolytes in energy storage devices such as batteries, electrochemical double layer capacitors (EDLCs) or supercapacitors or ultracapacitors, electrolytic capacitors, as electrolytes in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), as electrolytes in fuel cells, as a heat transfer medium, among other applications. In particular, the invention generally relates to phosphonium ionic liquids, salts, compositions, wherein the compositions exhibit superior combination of thermodynamic stability, low volatility, wide liquidus range, ionic conductivity, and electrochemical stability. The invention further encompasses methods of making such phosphonium ionic liquids, salts, compositions, operational devices and systems comprising the same.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to the removal of carbon dioxide from a gas stream, particularly a flue gas, hydrogen gas from a reformer, natural gas, or gas from a cement kiln. Immobilized enzymes for use in carbon capture and other systems are also disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed are self-hydrating membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs), including MEAs that have been magnetically modified, which comprises (i) a cathode comprising an electrically conducting material having a catalytic material on at least a portion of a first surface thereof, the catalytic material comprising an effective amount of at least one catalyst component and at least one ion conducting material; (ii) a separator adjacent to and in substantial contact with the first surface of the cathode and comprising an ion conducting material; and (iii) an anode adjacent to and in substantial contact with the surface of the separator opposite the cathode and comprising an electrically conducting material having a catalytic material on at least a portion of a surface thereof adjacent to the separator, the catalytic material comprising an effective amount of at least one catalyst component and at least one ion conducting material; wherein the separator permits water to pass from the first surface of the cathode to the

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to the removal of carbon dioxide from a gas stream, particularly a flue gas, hydrogen gas from a reformer, natural gas, or gas from a cement kiln. Immobilized enzymes for use in carbon capture and other systems are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to the removal of carbon dioxide from a gas stream, particularly a flue gas, hydrogen gas from a reformer, natural gas, or gas from a cement kiln. Immobilized enzymes for use in carbon capture and other systems are also disclosed.

Abstract: A biofuel cell device for generating electrical current, comprising a fuel manifold, an anode assembly, a cathode assembly, a housing, and a controller is described. The anode assembly comprises at least one catalyst positioned for contact with fuel fluid in said fuel reservoir. The cathode assembly comprises at least one biocathode positioned for flow of an oxidant to the biocathode enzyme. The housing houses the manifold, anode assembly and cathode assembly. The controller controls the output of electrical current from the biofuel cell device.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to the removal of carbon dioxide from a gas stream, particularly a flue gas, hydrogen gas from a reformer, natural gas, or gas from a cement kiln. Immobilized enzymes for use in carbon capture and other systems are also disclosed.

Abstract: A biofuel cell device for generating electrical current. The device includes a fuel manifold having a face, and at least one cavity in the face defining a fuel reservoir, an inlet in fluid communication with the reservoir for flow of fuel fluid into the manifold to fill the reservoir and an outlet in fluid communication with the reservoir for flow of fuel fluid out of the manifold. The device has an anode assembly including at least one bioanode positioned for contact with fuel fluid in the fuel reservoir, and a cathode assembly including at least one cathode positioned for flow of fuel fluid through the bioanode to the cathode. The device includes a controller operatively connected to the anode assembly and the cathode assembly for controlling the output of electrical current from the biofuel cell device.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods for improving performance of fuel cells employing reformate fuels. The disclosed methods include employing a magnetically modified fuel cell and contacting the fuel cell anode with a reformate fuel stream that contains an amount of oxygen effective to increase carbon monoxide tolerance of the fuel cell.

Abstract: New magnetic materials and new metallic particles, new methods of making and using same, for example, to prepare magnetically modified electrodes and fuel cells, and coated metallic particles in general. The present invention discloses methods of preparation of cheaper and more uniformly sized magnetic and metallic microparticles formed from the exemplary materials magnetite, nickel, samarium cobalt and neodymium iron boron. In addition, the present invention discloses methodology for preparation and use of coated magnetic and metallic microparticles, in particular, exemplary siloxyl coating of magnetic particles, metallic particles, and magnetic and metallic microparticles with an exemplary silane, 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, that is cross linked thereon. In addition, methods and results are described for preparing and using larger siloxyl coated samarium cobalt milliparticles.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to the removal of carbon dioxide from a gas stream, particularly a flue gas, hydrogen gas from a reformer, natural gas, or gas from a cement kiln. Immobilized enzymes for use in carbon capture and other systems are also disclosed.

Abstract: New magnetic materials and new metallic particles, new methods of making and using same, for example, to prepare magnetically modified electrodes and fuel cells, and coated metallic particles in general. The present invention discloses methods of preparation of cheaper and more uniformly sized magnetic and metallic microparticles formed from the exemplary materials magnetite, nickel, samarium cobalt and neodymium iron boron. In addition, the present invention discloses methodology for preparation and use of coated magnetic and metallic microparticles, in particular, exemplary siloxyl coating of magnetic particles, metallic particles, and magnetic and metallic microparticles with an exemplary silane, 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, that is cross linked thereon. In addition, methods and results are described for preparing and using larger siloxyl coated samarium cobalt milliparticles.

Abstract: New magnetic materials and new metallic particles, new methods of making and using same, for example, to prepare magnetically modified electrodes and fuel cells, and coated metallic particles in general. The present invention discloses methods of preparation of cheaper and more uniformly sized magnetic and metallic microparticles formed from the exemplary materials magnetite, nickel, samarium cobalt and neodymium iron boron. In addition, the present invention discloses methodology for preparation and use of coated magnetic and metallic microparticles, in particular, exemplary siloxyl coating of magnetic particles, metallic particles, and magnetic and metallic microparticles with an exemplary silane, 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, that is cross linked thereon. In addition, methods and results are described for preparing and using larger siloxyl coated samarium cobalt milliparticles.