Abstract: A method for fabrication of solid ceramic thin films in which a porous or dense supporting substrate is spray coated with an oxide powder/solid suspension to form a coated supporting substrate. The coated supporting substrate is then sintered at an elevated temperature to form a solid ceramic thin film on the supporting substrate.

Abstract: High temperature alloys resistant to degradation and oxidation are provided. In accordance with preferred embodiments, alloys comprising from about 0.1 to about 50 atomic percent silicon, from about 10 to about 80 atomic percent aluminum, and at least one metal selected from the group consisting of chromium, iridium, rhenium, palladium, platinum, rhodium, ruthenium, osmium, molybdenum, tungsten, niobium and tantalum are formed. Shaped bodies and structural members comprising such alloys are also described as are methods for their fabrication.

Abstract: Improved electrochemical sensors are provided through isostatic processing techniques. Improved electrochemical sensors, especially those suitable for use in metallurgical melts, having, at once, long-term stability, improved sensitivity, and improved physical properties including thermal shock resistance are provided. In accordance with a preferred embodiment, unitary bodies comprising the sensing electrolyte and a source of reference potential are fabricated through isostatic processing techniques. Methods for the preparation of these improved sensors together with methods for the improvement of sensing, especially of oxygen in metallurgical melts are also disclosed.

Abstract: Improved electrochemical sensors are provided through isostatic processing techniques. Improved electrochemical sensors, especially those suitable for use in metallurgical melts, having, at once, long-term stability, improved sensitivity, and improved physical properties including thermal shock resistance are provided. In accordance with a preferred embodiment, unitary bodies comprising the sensing electrolyte and a source of reference potential are fabricated through isostatic processing techniques. Methods for the preparation of these improved sensors together with methods for the improvement of sensing, especially of oxygen in metallurgical melts are also disclosed.

Abstract: An improved gaseous sulfur dioxide galvanic cell is formed by utilizing a solid electrolyte composed of a mixture of lithium sulfate and silver sulfate. A reference electrode is formed by placing a solid mixture of the electrolyte mixture and metallic silver in contact with a portion of the surface of the solid electrolyte. A gas-type detector electrode is provided by contacting the solid electrolyte with a gold lead at a point spatially separated from the contact point between the reference electrode and electrolyte. Catalyst means are preferably provided to convert the sulfur dioxide to an equilibrium mixture of sulfur dioxide and sulfur trioxide near the electrolyte detector electrode surface. The electrolyte is preferably heated to a temperature at which it is a two-phased mixture of solid solutions for increased long term stability.

Abstract: Materials, methods and articles for the electrochemical determination of sulfur and carbon in fluids are provided. In accordance with a preferred embodiment, an electrolyte is furnished comprising a solid solution of an oxide of either zirconium, thorium or hafnium together with an oxide of an element of groups IIA or IIIB of the periodic table of the elements together with a sulfide or carbide of an element of groups IIA or IIIB of the periodic table. Processes employing such electrolytes together with articles incorporating them are also contemplated.

Abstract: A battery is provided in which the anode contains an alkali metal in a high state of thermodynamic activity; the cathode comprises a partially alkali metal-intercalated chalcogenide of the formula A.sub.y MZ.sub.x wherein A is an alkali metal more electropositive and larger than the anode alkali metal, M is a transition metal of Group IV or V, x is a numerical value of from about 1.8 to about 2.1, y is a numerical value of from about 0.01 to about 1 and Z is sulfur, selenium or tellurium; and the electrolyte comprises ions of the anode metal in a medium which is compatible with the anode and cathode allowing transport of the ion from anode to intercalate into the cathode.In the discharged state the battery includes a cathode characterized by the presence of A'.sub.z A.sub.y MZ.sub.x in which A' is alkali metal more electronegative than A and z is a numerical value in the range 0<z.ltoreq.3.25.

Abstract: A battery is provided in which the anode contains an alkali metal in a high state of thermodynamic activity; the cathode comprises a partially alkali metal-intercalated chalcogenide of the formula A.sub.y MZ.sub.x wherein A is an alkali metal more electropositive and larger than the anode alkali metal, M is a transition metal of Group IV or V, x is a numerical value of from about 1.8 to about 2.1, y is a numerical value of from about 0.01 to about 1 and Z is sulfur, selenium or tellurium; and the electrolyte comprises ions of the anode metal in a medium which is compatible with the anode and cathode allowing transport of the ion from anode to intercalate into the cathode.In the discharged state the battery includes a cathode characterized by the presence of A'.sub.z A.sub.y MZ.sub.x in which A' is alkali metal more electronegative than A and z is a numerical value in the range 0<z.ltoreq.3.25.

Abstract: A battery is provided in which the anode contains an alkali metal in a high state of thermodynamic activity; the cathode comprises a partially alkali metal-intercalated chalcogenide of the formula A.sub.y MZ.sub.x wherein A is an alkali metal more electropositive and larger than the anode alkali metal, M is a transition metal of Group IV or V, x is a numerical value of from about 1.8 to about 2.1, y is a numerical value of from about 0.01 to about 1 and Z is sulfur, selenium or tellurium; and the electrolyte comprises ions of the anode metal in a medium which is compatible with the anode and cathode allowing transport of the ion from anode to intercalate into the cathode.In the discharged state the battery includes a cathode characterized by the presence of A'.sub.z A.sub.y MZ.sub.x in which A' is alkali metal more electronegative than A and z is a numerical value in the range 0<z.ltoreq.3.25.