Abstract: Disclosed are high and low impedance systems and methods for the generation and use of constant intensity electric fields for a variety of applications. Electric fields may be generated through gas, liquid, or solid phase materials for a variety of purposes on a subject material itself, or on materials, particles, or objects mixed, dissolved, suspended, or otherwise entrained in such materials, or on both. A number of systems and methods involve certain device geometries, parallel alignment of the electric field vector with the material under treatment, separation of the high impedance electrodes from the material under treatment, voltage or current sourcing linear and quasilinear voltage ramp input waveforms, and the employment of a high impedance dielectric coating on one side of conductive substrates of electrodes that function as barriers to electronic and ionic current.

Abstract: Disclosed is a system and method for generating time variant and invariant electric fields (E-fields) for various applications. Generating the E-field utilizes high impedance dielectric materials having a collection of three imperative material properties: high permittivity (?), high volume resistivity (?) and high maximum allowable E-field stress (?) and physical geometries that take advantage of the manner in which E-fields are divided or distributed in series capacitance networks. The generated E-field can act upon a subject material, including a gas, liquid or solid, wherein the material is stationary or in motion. The method allows an E-field of given intensity to be set up in the subject material with a significantly lower applied voltage (?a, or conversely, a significantly higher E-field intensity with a given applied voltage (?a.