Abstract: An imprinting apparatus includes a silicon master having a plurality of nanofeatures defined therein. An anti-stick layer coats the silicon master, the anti-stick layer including a molecule having a cyclosiloxane with at least one silane functional group. A method includes forming a master template by: depositing a formulation on a silicon master including a plurality of nanofeatures defined therein, the formulation including a solvent and a molecule having a cyclosiloxane with at least one silane functional group; and curing the formulation, thereby forming an anti-stick layer on the silicon master, the anti-stick layer including the molecule. The method further includes depositing a silicon-based working stamp material on the anti-stick layer of the master template; curing the silicon-based working stamp material to form a working stamp including a negative replica of the plurality of nanofeatures; and releasing the working stamp from the master template.

Abstract: Substrates comprising dual functional polymer layered surfaces and the preparation thereof by using UV nano-imprinting processes are disclosed. The substrates can be used as flow cells, nanofluidic or microfluidic devices for biological molecules analysis.

Abstract: Some embodiments described herein relate to a substrate with a surface comprising a silane or a silane derivative covalently attached to optionally substituted cycloalkene or optionally substituted heterocycloalkene for direct conjugation with a functionalized molecule of interest, such as a polymer, a hydrogel, an amino acid, a nucleoside, a nucleotide, a peptide, a polynucleotide, or a protein. In some embodiments, the silane or silane derivative contains optionally substituted norbornene or norbornene derivatives. Method for preparing a functionalized surface and the use in DNA sequencing and other diagnostic applications are also disclosed.

Abstract: An example of a flow cell includes a substrate including a surface and a dendron architecture. The dendron architecture includes a functionalized focal point of attachment that is attached to the substrate surface and a plurality of peripheral functional groups that are orthogonal to the functionalized focal point of attachment. The flow cell further includes a primer set attached to the dendron architecture via the plurality of peripheral functional groups.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to patterned substrates with functionalized surface such as flow cells, as well as methods of fabricating the patterned substrate. In particular, patterned substrates of the present disclosure may be prepared using two or more imprint resin layers, one of which acts as a photomask for the photoresist during substrate patterning, without the need of any metallic photomask. Embodiments of the patterned substrate may be used for simultaneous paired-end sequencing methods.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to methods of preparation of templates for polynucleotide sequencing. In particular, the disclosure relates to linearization of clustered polynucleotides in preparation for sequencing by cleavage of one or more first strands of double-stranded polynucleotides immobilized on a solid support by a transition metal complex, for example, a palladium complex or a nickel complex. Further disclosure relate to linearization of clustered polynucleotides by cleaving one or more second strands of double double-stranded polynucleotides immobilized on a solid support comprising azobenzene linker by Na2S2O4. Nucleotides and oligonucleotides comprising a 3? phosphate moiety blocking group, and methods of removing the same using a fluoride reagent are also disclosed.

Abstract: An imprinting apparatus includes a silicon master having a plurality of nanofeatures defined therein. An anti-stick layer coats the silicon master, the anti-stick layer including a molecule having a cyclosiloxane with at least one silane functional group. A method includes forming a master template by: depositing a formulation on a silicon master including a plurality of nanofeatures defined therein, the formulation including a solvent and a molecule having a cyclosiloxane with at least one silane functional group; and curing the formulation, thereby forming an anti-stick layer on the silicon master, the anti-stick layer including the molecule. The method further includes depositing a silicon-based working stamp material on the anti-stick layer of the master template; curing the silicon-based working stamp material to form a working stamp including a negative replica of the plurality of nanofeatures; and releasing the working stamp from the master template.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to polymer coatings covalently attached to the surface of a substrate and the preparation of the polymer coatings, such as poly(N-(5-azidoacetamidylpentyl)acrylamide-co-acrylamide) (PAZAM), in the formation and manipulation of substrates, such as molecular arrays and flow cells. The present disclosure also relates to methods of preparing a substrate surface by using beads coated with a covalently attached polymer, such as PAZAM, and the method of determining a nucleotide sequence of a polynucleotide attached to a substrate surface described herein.

Abstract: An example of a resin composition includes an epoxy resin matrix, a free radical photoinitiator selected from the group consisting of 2-ethyl-9,10-dimethoxyanthracene, 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone, 2-ethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone, and a phosphine oxide, and a photoacid generator. When cured, the resin composition has low or no autofluorescence when exposed to blue excitation wavelengths ranging from about 380 nm to about 480 nm or green excitation wavelengths ranging from about 510 nm to about 560 nm.

Abstract: Substrates comprising dual functional polymer layered surfaces and the preparation thereof by using UV nano-imprinting processes are disclosed. The substrates can be used as flow cells, nanofluidic or microfluidic devices for biological molecules analysis.

Abstract: An example of a flow cell includes a substrate; a first primer set attached to a first region on the substrate, the first primer set including an un-cleavable first primer and a cleavable second primer; and a second primer set attached to a second region on the substrate, the second primer set including a cleavable first primer and an un-cleavable second primer.

Abstract: Described herein are heterocyclic azide-containing monomer units, copolymers comprising such heterocyclic azide-containing monomer units, substrate-bound copolymers, and oligonucleotide-bound copolymers, methods for making such copolymers and reacting them with a substrate and/or oligonucleotide, and methods of using such copolymers for immobilization of oligonucleotides to a substrate, for example for use in DNA sequencing or other diagnostic applications.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to methods of preparation of templates for polynucleotide sequencing. In particular, the disclosure relates to linearization of clustered polynucleotides in preparation for sequencing by cleavage of one or more first strands of double-stranded polynucleotides immobilized on a solid support by a transition metal complex, for example, a palladium complex or a nickel complex. Further disclosure relate to linearization of clustered polynucleotides by cleaving one or more second strands of double double-stranded polynucleotides immobilized on a solid support comprising azobenzene linker by Na2S2O4. Nucleotides and oligonucleotides comprising a 3? phosphate moiety blocking group, and methods of removing the same using a fluoride reagent are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to polymer coatings covalently attached to the surface of a substrate and the preparation of the polymer coatings, such as poly(N-(5-azidoacetamidylpentyl)acrylamide-co-acrylamide) (PAZAM), in the formation and manipulation of substrates, such as molecular arrays and flow cells. The present disclosure also relates to methods of preparing a substrate surface by using beads coated with a covalently attached polymer, such as PAZAM, and the method of determining a nucleotide sequence of a polynucleotide attached to a substrate surface described herein.

Abstract: An example of an array includes a support, a cross-linked epoxy polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) resin film on a surface of the support, and a patterned hydrophobic polymer layer on the cross-linked epoxy POSS resin film. The patterned hydrophobic polymer layer defines exposed discrete areas of the cross-linked epoxy POSS resin film, and a polymer coating is attached to the exposed discrete areas. Another example of an array includes a support, a modified epoxy POSS resin film on a surface of the support, and a patterned hydrophobic polymer layer on the modified epoxy POSS resin film. The modified epoxy POSS resin film includes a polymer growth initiation site, and the patterned hydrophobic polymer layer defines exposed discrete areas of the modified epoxy POSS resin film. A polymer brush is attached to the polymer growth initiation site in the exposed discrete areas.

Abstract: An example of a flow cell includes a substrate and a pattern of two different silanes on at least a portion of a surface of the substrate. A first polymer is attached to a first of the two different silanes and a second polymer is attached to a second of the two different silanes. The first and second polymers respectively include a first functional group and a second functional group of a functional group pair, the functional group pair being selected from the group consisting of an activated ester functional group and an azide functional group, a tetrazine functional group and an activated ester functional group, and a tetrazine functional group and an azide functional group. A first primer set is grafted to the first polymer and a second primer set is grafted to the second polymer. The first and second primer sets are different.

Abstract: An example of a resin composition includes an epoxy resin matrix, a free radical photoinitiator selected from the group consisting of 2-ethyl-9,10-dimethoxyanthracene, 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone, 2-ethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone, and a phosphine oxide, and a photoacid generator. When cured, the resin composition has low or no autofluorescence when exposed to blue excitation wavelengths ranging from about 380 nm to about 480 nm or green excitation wavelengths ranging from about 510 nm to about 560 nm.

Abstract: Described herein are heterocyclic azide-containing monomer units, copolymers comprising such heterocyclic azide-containing monomer units, substrate-bound copolymers, and oligonucleotide-bound copolymers, methods for making such copolymers and reacting them with a substrate and/or oligonucleotide, and methods of using such copolymers for immobilization of oligonucleotides to a substrate, for example for use in DNA sequencing or other diagnostic applications.

Abstract: An example of a flow cell includes a substrate; a first primer set attached to a first region on the substrate, the first primer set including an un-cleavable first primer and a cleavable second primer; and a second primer set attached to a second region on the substrate, the second primer set including a cleavable first primer and an un-cleavable second primer.

Abstract: An example of a resin composition includes a free radical curable resin matrix including an acrylate and a siloxane, and a free radical photoinitiator. When cured, the resin composition has low or no autofluorescence when exposed to blue excitation wavelengths ranging from about 380 nm to about 480 nm or green excitation wavelengths ranging from about 510 nm to about 560 nm.