Abstract: Methods and systems of maintaining a digital ledger are provided in which a first resource, such as a cryptocurrency or other value-bearing resource, is backed by a second resource, such as a fiat currency or other government-issued resource, and exchangeable for the second resource at a set per-unit value. After setting a per-unit value of the first resource, interface nodes are used to maintain pools of the resources within set thresholds such that one resource can be exchanged for another at any time.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to methods, systems, and interfaces for managing accounts and assets having complicated effects and relationships, including underwriting, specification, administering, updating, servicing and comparison of contingent deferred income annuity contracts for protecting retirement income from diminishment due to the occurrence of at least one pre-retirement risk that may result in loss, reduction or suspension of pension contributions by participants in retirement plans and owners of individual retirement plans.

Abstract: System and method of making and using, products produced by the method, articles, and necessary intermediates of the foregoing as regards controlling a computer system in computing directed to constant dollar instruments.

Abstract: A computer-aided system of illustrating, the system including: specifying, to a computer system, a private constant-dollar instrument, including defining a respective claim division on cash flow and an asset; entering data including actual cash flow datum and actual asset datum; calculating, with the computer system, respective values for each of the claims on the cash flow and asset; and, generating, with the computer system, an illustration of the private constant-dollar instrument funding a transaction.

Abstract: A computer system implementing at least one investment. A computer has a processor, connected to a memory device, to an input device, and to an output device, the processor programmed to control steps including: forming a synthetic investment fund by entering, as some of the input information, at least one of the group consisting of an amount of an interest-bearing asset, and an amount of a derivative instrument, and entering a specification of a relationship for the amounts; entering, as some of the input information, respective market prices for the interest-bearing asset and for the derivative instrument; calculating a unit value for each said class of interests in the fund in response to the market prices; and generating output for investor reporting, the output including holding data for each said class of interests in the fund and the unit value for each said class of interests in the fund.

Abstract: System and method of making and using, products produced by the method, articles, and necessary intermediates of the foregoing as regards tiered constant dollar instruments financing a transaction. There can be computing to produce a first tier of one or more constant dollar instruments, and computing to produce a second tier of one or more constant dollar instruments financed by the first tier to finance the transaction.

Abstract: A computer-aided method of (and apparatus) funding, the method including the steps of: specifying a private constant dollar instrument in at least one of a plurality of tiers, said specifying including determining funding for one of the tiers to fund an other of the tiers; and associating the tiers in implementing the funding; and generating documentation of the funding with a computer.

Abstract: Computers and data processing systems, especially pertaining to a constant-dollar financial product. Exemplary implementations include, a machine, a method for use and method for making, and corresponding products produced thereby, as well as data structures, computer-readable media tangibly embodying program instructions, manufactures, and necessary intermediates of the foregoing. Respectively, computers can use private, constant-dollar financial product data and nominal dollar data corresponding thereto, and communicate so as to cooperate (e.g., including transmit, receive) in computing a constant dollar to nominal dollar conversion for a financial product, the computers generating different output.