Abstract: A wireless communication unit comprises a frequency generation circuit employing a phase locked loop (PLL) circuit comprising a voltage controlled oscillator having a modulation port for directly modulating a signal output from the voltage controlled oscillator. The voltage controlled oscillator is operably coupled to at least one switch and a capacitor bank comprising one or more varactors. A controller is arranged to switch in one or more varactors associated with the modulation port of the phase locked loop circuit to provide an inverse cubic relationship to the direct modulated signal. In addition, or alternatively, the phase locked loop (PLL) circuit may comprise a voltage controlled oscillator having a tuning port for controlling a frequency of a signal output from the voltage controlled oscillator. The controller here is arranged to switch in one or more varactors associated with the tuning port of the phase locked loop circuit in an inverse square relationship.

Abstract: A wireless communication unit comprises a frequency generation circuit employing a phase locked loop (PLL) circuit comprising a voltage controlled oscillator having a modulation port for directly modulating a signal output from the voltage controlled oscillator. The voltage controlled oscillator is operably coupled to at least one switch and a capacitor bank comprising one or more varactors. A controller is arranged to switch in one or more varactors associated with the modulation port of the phase locked loop circuit to provide an inverse cubic relationship to the direct modulated signal. In addition, or alternatively, the phase locked loop (PLL) circuit may comprise a voltage controlled oscillator having a tuning port for controlling a frequency of a signal output from the voltage controlled oscillator. The controller here is arranged to switch in one or more varactors associated with the tuning port of the phase locked loop circuit in an inverse square relationship.

Abstract: A level is adapted for attachment to an upper surface of a shoe in such a manner that the level is visible to a wearer of the shoe. The level is calibrated by using a known level surface to stand upon and then adjusting the level so that it reads level when standing on the known level surface. The user then walks intermediate a first and second location, pausing as desired, and noting the reading that is provided by the level. Accordingly, a method of determining the grade at any given location is provided. If the user combines two or more readings that are taken intermediate the first and the second location, an average grade intermediate the first and the second location is provided. A preferred bubble level and method of adjusting the level to the shoe and of detaching it therefrom is disclosed.

Abstract: A level is adapted for attachment to an upper surface of a shoe in such a manner that the level is visible to a wearer of the shoe. The level is calibrated by using a known level surface to stand upon and then adjusting the level so that it reads level when standing on the known level surface. The user then walks intermediate a first and second location, pausing as desired, and noting the reading that is provided by the level. Accordingly, a method of determining the grade at any given location is provided. If the user combines two or more readings that are taken intermediate the first and the second location, an average grade intermediate the first and the second location is provided. A preferred bubble level and method of adjusting the level to the shoe and of detaching it therefrom is disclosed.

Abstract: An arrangement determines the height of a multilayer stream of articles such as the rod-shaped cigarettes of the tobacco industry. The arrangement includes a flexible elongate member connected to move up and down with the uppermost articles in the multilayer stream as the height thereof varies. The flexible elongate member has a first end fixed in place and an opposite end connected to a weight which moves in a vertical direction as the flexible elongate member moves up and down in response to the height of the multilayer stream of articles. The flexible elongate member is trained around an idler roller, and a sensor is spaced directly below the weight for determining the elevation thereof. Such elevation is directly related to the height of the multilayer stream of articles.