Abstract: A synthetic organ includes one or more airways and a first opening in communication with the one or more airways configured to introduce a vapor, aerosol, or other airborne material into the one or more airways; an organ-on-chip microfluidic device having respiratory tract or lung tissue or cells; and one or more mounting positions within the one or more airways configured to accept the organ-on-chip microfluidic device, the mounting position(s) configured to accept the organ-on-chip microfluidic device are at a position relative to the first opening to replicate specific portions of a lung.