Abstract: A magnetic brush developer apparatus for developing an electrostatic charge pattern on a member by contacting the member with particulate magnetic developer material, such material being contained within the zone of contact to prevent uncontrolled escape from the zone and contamination of the environs. The apparatus includes an applicator for transporting developer material in a non-agitated state into contact with the charge pattern on the member. A portion of the developer material in contact with such charge pattern is magnetically agitated to form in such material an agitated zone bounded by the non-agitated material to establish a sealing zone about the agitated zone.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for developing electrographically formed electrostatic images. Background development and "flaming" are minimized by applying composite D.C. and A.C. signals to a development electrode in a magnetic brush. The DC signal level is selected to minimize background development and the AC signal is chosen to minimize flaming.

Abstract: Fusing both small and large image areas of dry resinous marking particles supported on the surface of a receiver member by irradiating the particles with energy to at least partially melt the particles at the interface between the particles and receiver member. Fusing is accomplished by directing the energy from an energy source toward the surface of the particle-supporting receiver member along a path having a major low-angle component relative to the receiver member. The particles are irradiated over a substantial portion of their surface area, with energy which is not reflected by the receiver member and with energy which has been reflected by the receiver member. A sufficient amount of energy is thus received to at least partially melt the particles at the interface between the particles and receiver member so that the particles adhere to the receiver member.

Abstract: Fusing both small and large image areas of dry resinous marking particles supported on the surface of a receiver member by irradiating the particles with energy to at least partially melt the particles at the interface between the particle and receiver member. Fusing is accomplished by directing the energy from an energy source toward the surface of the particle-supporting receiver member along a path having a major low-angle component relative to the receiver member. The particles are irradiated over a substantial portion of their surface area, with energy which is not reflected by the receiver member and with energy which has been reflected by the receiver member. A sufficient amount of energy is thus received to at least partially melt the particles at the interface between the particle and receiver member so that the particles adhere to the receiver member.