Abstract: A light guide element and a lamp are provided. The light guide element includes a light-incident surface, a light-emitting surface, an outer surface and an inner surface. The light-incident surface has a first outer peripheral edge and a first inner peripheral edge. The light-emitting surface is opposite to the light-incident surface and has a second outer peripheral edge and a second inner peripheral edge. The outer surface connects the first outer peripheral edge and the second outer peripheral edge. The inner surface connects the first inner peripheral edge and the second inner peripheral edge. A first opening defined by the inner surface adjacent to the first inner peripheral edge is larger than a second opening defined by the inner surface adjacent to the second inner peripheral edge.

Abstract: A light guide element and a lighting fixture are described. The light guide element includes a light guide body, first microstructures and second microstructures. The light guide body includes a first light-emitting surface and a second light-emitting surface opposite to and parallel to each other. The first microstructures are disposed on the first light-emitting surface in rows. The second microstructures are respectively corresponding to the first microstructures and are disposed on the second light-emitting surface. In each of the rows, each of the first microstructures laps over the corresponding second microstructure in part in a normal direction of the first light-emitting surface. Overlapping ratio of the first microstructures and the corresponding second microstructures become greater from one end of one of the rows to the other end of the one of the rows.

Abstract: A light guide element for controlling light shape includes a light-incident surface, a light-emitting surface, a first reflecting surface, and a second reflecting surface. The light-incident surface includes a first outer peripheral edge and a first inner peripheral edge. The light-emitting surface includes a second outer peripheral edge and a second inner peripheral edge. The first reflecting surface is constructed by a first profile curve, and connects the first and the second outer peripheral edge. The first profile curve is a connecting line of two points respectively on the first outer peripheral edge and the second outer peripheral edge. The second reflecting surface is constructed by a second profile curve, and connects the first and the second inner peripheral edge. The second profile curve is a connecting line of two points respectively on the first inner peripheral edge and the second inner peripheral edge.

Abstract: A lamp includes a frame, a light guide plate, a light source and a reflecting structure. The light guide plate is disposed on the frame and includes a light-incident surface, a first light-emitting surface and a second light-emitting surface. The second light-emitting surface is opposite to the first light-emitting surface, in which the light-incident surface connects the first light-emitting surface and the second light-emitting surface. The light source is adjacent to the light-incident surface and the light source is disposed in the frame. The reflecting structure is adjacent to the first light-emitting surface and includes at least two transparent sheets. The two transparent sheets are separated by an air gap, such that at least one light beam emitted from the first light-emitting surface is reflected back to the light guide plate and is emitted out from the second light-emitting surface.

Abstract: A light-directing device adapted for directing light emitted by a light source. The light-directing device includes a light-guiding plate and a directing unit that is disposed adjacent to the light-guiding plate such that a portion of the light emitted by the light source into the light-guiding plate is internally reflected by a first inclined surface thereof to exit the light-guiding plate toward an illuminating region, and another portion of the light emitted by the light source passes through the light-guiding plate, enters the directing unit and is internally reflected by a second inclined surface thereof to exit the directing unit toward the illuminating region.

Abstract: A light guide element for controlling light shape includes a light-incident surface, a light-emitting surface, a first reflecting surface, and a second reflecting surface. The light-incident surface includes a first outer peripheral edge and a first inner peripheral edge. The light-emitting surface includes a second outer peripheral edge and a second inner peripheral edge. The first reflecting surface is constructed by a first profile curve, and connects the first and the second outer peripheral edge. The first profile curve is a connecting line of two points respectively on the first outer peripheral edge and the second outer peripheral edge. The second reflecting surface is constructed by a second profile curve, and connects the first and the second inner peripheral edge. The second profile curve is a connecting line of two points respectively on the first inner peripheral edge and the second inner peripheral edge.

Abstract: A light guide element and a method for manufacturing the same, and a lighting fixture are described. The light guide element includes a light guide body, a plurality of first and second microstructures corresponding to each other. The light guide body includes a first and a second light-emitting surface opposite to and parallel to each other. The first and second microstructures are respectively disposed on the first and second light-emitting surfaces by a first arrangement rule based on a first datum line and a second arrangement rule based on a second datum line. The first datum line is different from the second datum line. In a normal direction of the first light-emitting surface, each second microstructure laps over the corresponding first microstructure in part. When an incident light enters the light guide body, a first and a second mesh patterns are respectively formed on the first and second light-emitting surfaces.

Abstract: A financial transaction system is provided. The financial transaction system includes a server and at least one automated teller machine (ATM). In response to a request from a user, the server issues a one-time password (OTP) to the user's mobile device. The ATM receives an OTP from the user and sends the received OTP to the server for verification, in order to perform a financial transaction operation.

Abstract: A method for forming spacers of different sizes includes the following steps. First a substrate is provided, which has a first element, a second element, a first material layer and a second material layer thereon. A first dry etching is performed to remove part of the second material layer to form a first spacer by the first element and to form a second side wall by the second element, so that the first material layer between the first spacer and the second side wall is exposed to become a damaged first material layer. A trimming procedure is performed to trim the damaged first material layer. A mask is used to cover the first element, the first spacer and part of the first material layer then a wet etching is performed to remove the second side wall.

Abstract: A method for forming spacers of different sizes includes the following steps. First a substrate is provided, which has a first element, a second element, a first material layer and a second material layer thereon. A first dry etching is performed to remove part of the second material layer to form a first spacer by the first element and to form a second side wall by the second element, so that the first material layer between the first spacer and the second side wall is exposed to become a damaged first material layer. A trimming procedure is performed to trim the damaged first material layer. A mask is used to cover the first element, the first spacer and part of the first material layer then a wet etching is performed to remove the second side wall.