Abstract: A method and apparatus for non-contact measurement of stress in a thin-film deposited on a substrate is disclosed. The method may include positioning a substrate on a plurality of support-elements, the substrate having a thin-film deposited thereupon. A first-polynomial may be defined for representing a surface of the substrate that is in contact with the support elements. A second-polynomial may be determined based on an optimization determination of potential-energy acting upon the substrate. A finite-order polynomial may be created by calculating a product of the first and second polynomials to represent a shape of the surface of the substrate as a model of the surface. Thereafter, stress in the substrate may be determined based on fitting the model of the surface with a measured topographical data of the surface.

Abstract: An LED panel controlling method is applied to control an LED panel and includes a frame splitting step, a comparing and transmitting step, a laminating step and a controlling step. In the comparing and transmitting step, a plurality of previous datasets of the previous frame are stored in a transmitting module before a plurality of current datasets of the current frames are transmitted to and stored in the transmitting module, and the current datasets are compared to the previous datasets. In the laminating step, the current datasets are laminated with the previous datasets previously stored in the receiving module to form a controlling sequence. In the controlling step, the controlling sequence is received by a driving module to drive the LED row.

Abstract: A solid catalyst is provided. The solid catalyst includes a core particle composed of activated carbon, lignin or iron oxide, and a plurality of hydroxyl groups and sulfonic acid groups formed on the surface of the core particle. A method for preparing a sugar is also provided. The method includes mixing organic acid and the disclosed solid catalyst to form a mixing solution, adding a cellulosic biomass to the mixing solution to proceed to a dissolution reaction, and adding water to the mixing solution to proceed to a hydrolysis reaction to obtain a hydrolysis product.

Abstract: The present subject matter at-least provides a system for measurement of topography of specular surfaces. The system comprises a set of indexed light-sources and a controller configured to drive the set of light-sources for irradiating a specular-surface by sequentially illuminating a plurality of sub-sets of the light-sources in accordance with a pre-defined encoding criteria. Further, at least one camera is provided to capture reflected light-radiation from the specular-surface and thereby generate a plurality of images in accordance with the sequential-illumination, such that each of the generated-image corresponds to a particular sub-set of illuminated light sources.

Abstract: The present subject matter at-least provides a system for measurement of topography of specular surfaces. The system comprises a set of indexed light-sources and a controller configured to drive the set of light-sources for irradiating a specular-surface by sequentially illuminating a plurality of sub-sets of the light-sources in accordance with a pre-defined encoding criteria. Further, at least one camera is provided to capture reflected light-radiation from the specular-surface and thereby generate a plurality of images in accordance with the sequential-illumination, such that each of the generated-image corresponds to a particular sub-set of illuminated light sources.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for non-contact measurement of stress in a thin-film deposited on a substrate is disclosed. The method may include positioning a substrate on a plurality of support-elements, the substrate having a thin-film deposited thereupon. A first-polynomial may be defined for representing a surface of the substrate that is in contact with the support elements. A second-polynomial may be determined based on an optimization determination of potential-energy acting upon the substrate. A finite-order polynomial may be created by calculating a product of the first and second polynomials to represent a shape of the surface of the substrate as a model of the surface. Thereafter, stress in the substrate may be determined based on fitting the model of the surface with a measured topographical data of the surface.

Abstract: The present subject matter at-least provides a system for measurement of topography of specular surfaces. The system comprises a set of indexed light-sources and a controller configured to drive the set of light-sources for irradiating a specular-surface by sequentially illuminating a plurality of sub-sets of the light-sources in accordance with a pre-defined encoding criteria. Further, at least one camera is provided to capture reflected light-radiation from the specular-surface and thereby generate a plurality of images in accordance with the sequential-illumination, such that each of the generated-image corresponds to a particular sub-set of illuminated light sources.

Abstract: A solid catalyst is provided. The solid catalyst includes a core particle composed of activated carbon, lignin or iron oxide, and a plurality of hydroxyl groups and sulfonic acid groups formed on the surface of the core particle. A method for preparing a sugar is also provided. The method includes mixing organic acid and the disclosed solid catalyst to form a mixing solution, adding a cellulosic biomass to the mixing solution to proceed to a dissolution reaction, and adding water to the mixing solution to proceed to a hydrolysis reaction to obtain a hydrolysis product.

Abstract: A solid catalyst is provided. The solid catalyst includes a core particle composed of activated carbon, lignin or iron oxide, and a plurality of hydroxyl groups and sulfonic acid groups formed on the surface of the core particle. A method for preparing a sugar is also provided. The method includes mixing organic acid and the disclosed solid catalyst to form a mixing solution, adding a cellulosic biomass to the mixing solution to proceed to a dissolution reaction, and adding water to the mixing solution to proceed to a hydrolysis reaction to obtain a hydrolysis product.

Abstract: A telephone device is disclosed. The telephone device has a base, a magnetic field generating device, an ear set, a magnetic sensor and a controller. The base has an ear set accommodating area. The magnetic field generating device situates with the base and generates a magnetic field. The ear set detachably connects with the base. The ear set has a magnetic conducted element. The magnetic sensor situates with the base for detecting the magnetic field. The magnetic field detected by the magnetic sensor is reduced due to interference of the magnetic conducted element when the ear set situates at the ear set accommodating area. The controller electronically connects with the magnetic sensor and determines whether the eat set is situated in the ear set accommodating area based on the change of the magnetic field detected by the magnetic sensor.

Abstract: In an embodiment of the present disclosure, a sugar product and method for fabricating the same is provided. The method includes mixing an acid compound and lithium chloride, magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, zinc chloride or iron chloride or lithium bromide, magnesium bromide, calcium bromide, zinc bromide or iron bromide or heteropoly acid to form a mixing solution, adding a cellulosic biomass to the mixing solution for a dissolution reaction, and adding water to the mixing solution for a hydrolysis reaction to obtain a sugar product. The present disclosure also provides a sugar product fabricated from the method.

Abstract: A solid catalyst is provided. The solid catalyst includes a core particle composed of activated carbon, lignin or iron oxide, and a plurality of hydroxyl groups and sulfonic acid groups formed on the surface of the core particle. A method for preparing a sugar is also provided. The method includes mixing organic acid and the disclosed solid catalyst to form a mixing solution, adding a cellulosic biomass to the mixing solution to proceed to a dissolution reaction, and adding water to the mixing solution to proceed to a hydrolysis reaction to obtain a hydrolysis product.

Abstract: A telephone device is disclosed. The telephone device has a base, a magnetic field generating device, an ear set, a magnetic sensor and a controller. The base has an ear set accommodating area. The magnetic field generating device situates with the base and generates a magnetic field. The ear set detachably connects with the base. The ear set has a magnetic conducted element. The magnetic sensor situates with the base for detecting the magnetic field. The magnetic field detected by the magnetic sensor is reduced due to interference of the magnetic conducted element when the ear set situates at the ear set accommodating area. The controller electronically connects with the magnetic sensor and determines whether the eat set is situated in the ear set accommodating area based on the change of the magnetic field detected by the magnetic sensor.

Abstract: A combinational cooling pad structure with flash drive storage comprises a cooling pad and a flash drive. The cooling pad comprises at least three combinational pads with structural surfaces. At least two connecting portions are correspondingly disposed between the combinational pads. Limiting structures are correspondingly disposed on outer sides of the outer combinational pads. The combinational pads are connected by the connecting portions to form a structure which can be unfolded flatly; and are folded closely together to form a structural body surrounded by the structural surfaces; and are combined securely by the corresponding limiting structures. An inner hole for inserting the flash drive is defined and formed by inner surfaces of the surrounding combinational pads. A coupling portion is protrudingly disposed at an end of the flash drive, and an interface connector is disposed on the coupling portion. The coupling portion is then inserted into the inner hole.

Abstract: In an embodiment of the present disclosure, a method for preparing a sugar is provided. The method includes mixing an organic acid and a solid acid catalyst to form a mixing solution, adding a cellulosic biomass to the mixing solution to proceed to a dissolution reaction, and adding water to the mixing solution to proceed to a hydrolysis reaction to obtain a sugar.

Abstract: A combinational cooling pad structure with flash drive storage comprises a cooling pad and a flash drive. The cooling pad comprises at least three combinational pads with structural surfaces. At least two connecting portions are correspondingly disposed between the combinational pads. Limiting structures are correspondingly disposed on outer sides of the outer combinational pads. The combinational pads are connected by the connecting portions to form a structure which can be unfolded flatly; and are folded closely together to form a structural body surrounded by the structural surfaces; and are combined securely by the corresponding limiting structures. An inner hole for inserting the flash drive is defined and formed by inner surfaces of the surrounding combinational pads. A coupling portion is protrudingly disposed at an end of the flash drive, and an interface connector is disposed on the coupling portion. The coupling portion is then inserted into the inner hole.

Abstract: In an embodiment of the present disclosure, a method for preparing a sugar is provided. The method includes mixing an organic acid and a solid acid catalyst to form a mixing solution, adding a cellulosic biomass to the mixing solution to proceed to a dissolution reaction, and adding water to the mixing solution to proceed to a hydrolysis reaction to obtain a sugar.

Abstract: In an embodiment of the present disclosure, a sugar product and method for fabricating the same is provided. The method includes mixing an acid compound and lithium chloride, magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, zinc chloride or iron chloride or lithium bromide, magnesium bromide, calcium bromide, zinc bromide or iron bromide or heteropoly acid to form a mixing solution, adding a cellulosic biomass to the mixing solution for a dissolution reaction, and adding water to the mixing solution for a hydrolysis reaction to obtain a sugar product. The present disclosure also provides a sugar product fabricated from the method.

Abstract: In an embodiment of the present disclosure, a method for fabricating a sugar product is provided. The method includes mixing formic acid and lithium chloride, magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, zinc chloride or iron chloride or lithium bromide, magnesium bromide, calcium bromide, zinc bromide or iron bromide or heteropoly acid to form a mixing solution, adding a cellulosic biomass to the mixing solution for a dissolution reaction, and adding water to the mixing solution for a hydrolysis reaction to obtain a sugar product. The present disclosure also provides a sugar product fabricated from the method.