Abstract: A method includes forming a first sealing layer at a first edge region of a first wafer; and bonding the first wafer to a second wafer to form a wafer stack. At a time after the bonding, the first sealing layer is between the first edge region of the first wafer and a second edge region of the second wafer, with the first edge region and the second edge region comprising bevels. An edge trimming process is then performed on the wafer stack. After the edge trimming process, the second edge region of the second wafer is at least partially removed, and a portion of the first sealing layer is left as a part of the wafer stack. An interconnect structure is formed as a part of the second wafer. The interconnect structure includes redistribution lines electrically connected to integrated circuit devices in the second wafer.

Abstract: A passive phase shifter includes a reference line and a half-wavelength transmission line, where the half-wavelength transmission line is loaded with a perpendicular quarter wavelength rectangular stub and a quarter wavelength radial stub structure connected in series.

Abstract: A method of constructing an amplifier circuit includes simulating an output of an amplifier device of the amplifier circuit over a range of impedances to yield a simulated maximum power and a simulated maximum power added efficiency at a particular frequency, fabricating a plurality of output matching networks and input matching networks with impedances above and below the impedances that yield the simulated maximum power and simulated maximum power added efficiency, empirically determining physical dimensions of an optimized output matching network and an optimized input matching network that result in actual impedances that provide an actual maximum power and maximum power added efficiency at the particular frequency, and coupling the optimized output matching network to an output of the amplifier device and coupling the optimized input matching network between an output of a driver circuit and an input of the amplifier device.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a high data rate Ka-band modulator and transmitter for space applications that functions on the entire NASA Space Network Return Link band of 25.25-27.75 GHz. The modulator is capable of quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) modulation and 8-PSK modulation. The transmitter can be designed to provide an adjustable drive to a traveling-wave tube amplifier (TWTA) or transmit power.

Abstract: A method implemented in an image processing system for combining multi-exposure images comprises obtaining a plurality of images each having different exposure levels for a same scene. A merged weight map for at least one obtained image is constructed by determining at least one merged weight value for at least one pixel of each obtained image based on characteristics of the pixel, wherein the merged weight map comprises a weight map corresponding to the plurality of images. A Gaussian pyramid and a Laplacian pyramid of each obtained image are generated, and a Gaussian pyramid of the merged weight map is generated. A merged Gaussian pyramid and a merged Laplacian pyramid are generated based on the Gaussian pyramid of the merged weight map. An intermediate pyramid is generated based on the merged Laplacian pyramid, and a resultant image is constructed by blending the merged Gaussian pyramid with the intermediate pyramid.

Abstract: A double direction camera is provided, which includes a light sensor, a light path conversion member, a first lens assembly and a second lens assembly. The light path conversion member is used for converting a direction of a light beam to the light sensor. The first lens assembly is disposed at a first side of the double direction camera and used for receiving the light beam and projecting the light beam to the light path conversion member. The second lens assembly is disposed at a second side of the double direction camera and used for receiving the light beam and projecting the light beam to the light path conversion member.

Abstract: Autodetermination circuitry examines packets transmitted internally to an egress port of a switching device in order to learn the associated flow. The autodetermination circuitry maintains a flow memory recording the highest traffic volume flows and unlearns the flows exhibiting lower traffic volumes to make room for other higher traffic volume flows. Accordingly, as some flows decrease in traffic volume and other flows increase in traffic volume, the flows decreasing below a threshold are dropped from a flow memory, and other flows increasing in volume above the threshold are added to the flow memory. In this manner, only the most likely offending flows are maintained in the flow memory. Accordingly, when congestion is detected, the switching device can identify one or more source devices contributing the most to the congestion and take steps to alleviate the congestion by decreasing the traffic volume originating from one or more of those sources.