Abstract: This disclosure relates to an X-ray reflectometry apparatus and a method for measuring a three-dimensional nanostructure on a flat substrate. The X-ray reflectometry apparatus comprises an X-ray source, an X-ray reflector, a 2-dimensional X-ray detector, and a two-axis moving device. The X-ray source is for emitting X-ray. The X-ray reflector is configured for reflecting the X-ray onto a sample surface. The 2-dimensional X-ray detector is configured to collect a reflecting X-ray signal from the sample surface. The two-axis moving device is configured to control two-axis directions of the 2-dimensional X-ray detector to move on at least one of x-axis and z-axis with a formula concerning an incident angle of the X-ray with respect to the sample surface for collecting the reflecting X-ray signal.

Abstract: A watermark embedding method includes the following steps. The input video signal is received by a processing circuit. Grayscale information of a watermark signal is generated by the processing circuit according to a time series data and a predetermined plane. During a dark sate and a bright state in each of a plurality of consecutive periods, phases of the time series data are opposite and integral values of the grayscales of the predetermined plane are the same. The processing circuit embeds the watermark signal into the input video signal to generate an output video signal with the watermark information. The display panel displays an image according to the output video signal.

Abstract: A non-server type voice packet communication method, including an IP address inquiring step, an IP address analyzing step, an IP address receiving step, and a voice packet transmitting step. According to the method, the IP address inquiring step firstly transmits an IP address inquiring signal to a non-server type voice packet communication device through a PSTN. Then, the IP address analyzing step determines whether an IP address data is transmitted from the non-server type voice packet communication device using digital modulation signals or not. When the non-server type voice packet communication device using digital modulation signals, the IP address receiving step receives the IP address data. Finally, the voice packet transmitting step transmits voice packets to the non-server type voice packet communication device according to the IP address data through digital network. This invention also discloses a non-server type voice packet communication device for carrying out the mentioned method.

Abstract: A non-server type voice packet communication method, including an IP address inquiring step, an IP address analyzing step, an IP address receiving step, and a voice packet transmitting step. According to the method, the IP address inquiring step firstly transmits an IP address inquiring signal to a non-server type voice packet communication device through a PSTN. Then, the IP address analyzing step determines whether an IP address data is transmitted from the non-server type voice packet communication device using digital modulation signals or not. When the non-server type voice packet communication device using digital modulation signals, the IP address receiving step receives the IP address data. Finally, the voice packet transmitting step transmits voice packets to the non-server type voice packet communication device according to the IP address data through digital network. This invention also discloses a non-server type voice packet communication device for carrying out the mentioned method.