Abstract: A method for designing a noise shaper with a single loop distributed feedback delta-sigma modulator includes following steps: (a) determining a delta-sigma modulator comprising a plurality of parameters according to an order of the noise shaper; (b) deriving a noise transfer function comprising a plurality of coefficients corresponding to the parameters of the delta-sigma modulator according to the delta-sigma modulator; (c) determining a high-pass filter corresponding to the delta-sigma modulator according to a default requirement; (d) solving the coefficients of the noise transfer function according to the high-pass filter; and (e) feeding the solved coefficients in step (d) into the parameters of the delta-sigma modulator for completing the noise shaper.

Abstract: An apparatus is adapted for interleaving an incoming stream of data blocks, each of which has a predetermined number (N) of block units indexed consecutively from 0 to (N−1), The interleaving is accomplished at a predetermined interleaving depth (D). A first one of the block units has no delay associated therewith, and subsequent ones of the block units in a designated one of the data blocks have a delay equal to (D−1) more than an immediately preceding one of the block units in the designated one of the data blocks. The apparatus includes a data buffer configured to have a number of lines equal to (N−1), an output unit, and a control unit. Each of the lines has a size sufficient to accommodate a predetermined number of the block units. The output unit outputs one of the block units of the incoming stream directly when the delay associated therewith is equal to zero.