Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a semiconductor layer. A gate structure is disposed over the semiconductor layer. A spacer is disposed on a sidewall of the gate structure. A height of the spacer is greater than a height of the gate structure. A liner is disposed on the gate structure and on the spacer. The spacer and the liner have different material compositions.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a privacy computing method based on homomorphic encryption, which includes steps as follows. The ciphertext data is received, where the ciphertext data has a floating-point homomorphic encryption data structure, and the floating-point homomorphic encryption data structure of the ciphertext data includes the ciphertext mantissa, exponent parameter and gain parameter. The gain parameter sets the precision of the floating point corresponding to the ciphertext mantissa. The exponent parameter is adapted to multiplication or division. The artificial intelligence model performs operations on the ciphertext data to return the ciphertext result.

Abstract: A memory device includes a plurality of memory cells; a word line, connected to one of the plurality of memory cells, that is configured to provide a first WL pulse having a rising edge and a falling edge that define a pulse width of the first WL pulse; a first tracking WL, formed adjacent to the memory cells, that is configured to provide, via being physically or operatively coupled to a bit line (BL) configured to write a logic state to the memory cell, a second WL pulse having a rising edge with a decreased slope; and a first tracking BL, configured to emulate the BL, that is coupled to the first tracking WL such that the pulse width of the first WL pulse is increased based on the decreased slope of the rising edge of the second WL pulse.

Abstract: A backlight module including a light guide plate, a light source, an upper prism sheet, and a lower prism sheet is provided. The light guide plate has a light incident surface and a light emitting surface. The upper prism sheet is disposed at a side of the light emitting surface of the light guide plate. The upper prism sheet includes an upper substrate and first prism microstructures. Cross-sections of the first prism microstructures are isosceles triangles, and apex angles thereof fall within a range of 80 to 90 degrees. The lower prism sheet is disposed between the light guide plate and the upper prism sheet. The lower prism sheet includes a lower substrate and second prism microstructures. Cross-sections of the second prism microstructures are isosceles triangles, and apex angles thereof fall within a range of 100 to 130 degrees.

Abstract: Two types of blue light blocking contact lenses are provided and are formed by curing different compositions. The first composition includes a blue light blocking component formed by mixing or reacting a first hydrophilic monomer and a yellow dye, a first colored dye component formed by mixing or reacting a second hydrophilic monomer and a first colored dye, at least one third hydrophilic monomer, a crosslinker, and an initiator. The first colored dye includes a green dye, a cyan dye, a blue dye, an orange dye, a red dye, a black dye, or combinations thereof. The second composition includes a blue light blocking component, at least one hydrophilic monomer, a crosslinker, and an initiator. The blue light blocking component is formed by mixing or reacting glycerol monomethacrylate and a yellow dye. Further, methods for preparing the above contact lenses are provided.

Abstract: A virtual machine backup method, performed by a first host, includes: capturing a request to write data from a virtual machine to a hard disk image file, wherein the request includes written data and input and output location information, copying the written data to a temporary storage area, calculating a first key of the written data, storing the first key, the input and output location information into a first resource location structure, pausing an operation of the virtual machine and generating a second resource location structure according to the first resource location structure, the first key and a second key, and outputting a backup data set to a second host according to the second resource location structure, wherein the backup data set includes the second resource location structure and only one of existing data and the written data when the first key and the second key are the same.

Abstract: Methods and semiconductor devices are provided. A method includes determining a location of a polyimide opening (PIO) corresponding to an under-bump metallization (UBM) feature in a die. The die includes a substrate and an interconnect structure over the substrate. The method also includes determining a location of a stacked via structure in the interconnect structure based on the location of the PIO. The method further includes forming, in the interconnect structure, the stacked via structure comprising at most three stacked contact vias at the location of the PIO.

Abstract: Disclosed are computer-implemented or computer-aided method for diagnosing or predicting the risk of obstructive sleep apnea in a subject. The methods comprise determining whether the subject has obstructive sleep apnea based on at least one quantitative ultrasound parameter and/or at least one morphometric parameter.

Abstract: An analysis method and an electronic apparatus for breast image are provided. The method includes the following steps. One or more breast ultrasound images are obtained. The breast ultrasound images are used for forming a three-dimensional (3D) breast model. A volume of interest (VOI) in the breast ultrasound image is obtained by applying a detection model on the 3D breast model. The VOI is compared with a tissue segmentation result. The VOI is determined as a false positive according to a compared result between the VOI and the tissue segmentation result. The compared result includes that the VOI is located at a glandular tissue based on the tissue segmentation result. In response to the VOI being located in the glandular tissue of the tissue segmentation result, the VOI is compared with the lactiferous duct in the 3D breast model.

Abstract: A pellicle for an extreme ultraviolet (EUV) photomask includes a pellicle frame and a main membrane attached to the pellicle frame. The main membrane includes a plurality of nanotubes, and each of the plurality of nanotubes is covered by a coating layer containing Si and one or more metal elements.

Abstract: The federated learning system includes a moderator and client devices. Each client device performs a method for verifying model update as follows: receiving a hash function and a general model; training a client model according to the general model and raw data; calculating a difference as an update parameter between the general model and the client model, sending the update parameter to the moderator; inputting the update parameter to the hash function to generate a hash value; sending the hash value to other client devices, and receiving other hash values; summing all the hash values to generate a trust value; receiving an aggregation parameter calculated according to the update parameters; inputting the aggregation parameter to the hash function to generate a to-be-verified value; and updating the client model according to the aggregation parameter when the to-be-verified value equals the trust value.

Abstract: Systems, devices and methods of manufacturing a system on silicon wafer (SoSW) device and package are described herein. A plurality of functional dies is formed in a silicon wafer. Different sets of masks are used to form different types of the functional dies in the silicon wafer. A first redistribution structure is formed over the silicon wafer and provides local interconnects between adjacent dies of the same type and/or of different types. A second redistribution structure may be formed over the first redistribution layer and provides semi-global and/or global interconnects between non-adjacent dies of the same type and/or of different types. An optional backside redistribution structure may be formed over a second side of the silicon wafer opposite the first redistribution layer. The optional backside redistribution structure may provide backside interconnects between functional dies of different types.

Abstract: A memory device includes a plurality of memory cells; a word line, connected to one of the plurality of memory cells, that is configured to provide a first WL pulse having a rising edge and a falling edge that define a pulse width of the first WL pulse; a first tracking WL, formed adjacent to the memory cells, that is configured to provide, via being physically or operatively coupled to a bit line (BL) configured to write a logic state to the memory cell, a second WL pulse having a rising edge with a decreased slope; and a first tracking BL, configured to emulate the BL, that is coupled to the first tracking WL such that the pulse width of the first WL pulse is increased based on the decreased slope of the rising edge of the second WL pulse.

Abstract: Acoustic echo cancellation methods are provided, in which first and second suppression gains of first and second sub-bands of an Nth acoustic frame are generated, and the second suppression gain of the second sub-band of the Nth acoustic frame is adjusted according to the first suppression gain of the first sub-band of the Nth acoustic frame.

Abstract: An exemplary embodiment of an echo cancellation circuit is provided, for use in a voice interaction device simultaneously outputting a remote signal while receiving a local signal. The local signal may comprise an echo generated from the remote signal. A first filter learns the remote signal at a first speed to generate a first coefficient set, and filters the local signal by the first coefficient set to generate a first filter output. A second filter learns the remote signal at a second speed to generate a second coefficient set, and filters the local signal by the second coefficient set to generate a second filter output. A third filter comprises a third coefficient set, canceling the echo from the local signal to generate a third filter output as an echo cancellation result. The controller updates the third coefficient set based on the first, second and third filter outputs.

Abstract: An exemplary embodiment of an echo cancellation circuit is provided, for use in a voice interaction device simultaneously outputting a remote signal while receiving a local signal. The local signal may comprise an echo generated from the remote signal. A first filter learns the remote signal at a first speed to generate a first coefficient set, and filters the local signal by the first coefficient set to generate a first filter output. A second filter learns the remote signal at a second speed to generate a second coefficient set, and filters the local signal by the second coefficient set to generate a second filter output. A third filter comprises a third coefficient set, canceling the echo from the local signal to generate a third filter output as an echo cancellation result. The controller updates the third coefficient set based on the first, second and third filter outputs.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for echo cancellation are provided. In an echo cancellation device, remote and local signals are separated by frequency to generate a plurality of remote and local sub-band signals each corresponding to a sub-band. A plurality of voice activity detectors each respectively receives remote and a local sub-band signals to detect voice activity of the corresponding sub-band. A plurality of filters each learns a corresponding remote sub-band signal to filter a corresponding local sub-band signal, and generates a filter output of the corresponding sub-band. The learning of remote sub-band signal is dependent on a detection result of the corresponding voice activity detector. A synthesizer is coupled to the plurality of filters, mixing the filter outputs therefrom to generate an echo cancellation result.