Abstract: Methods and semiconductor devices are provided. A method includes determining a location of a polyimide opening (PIO) corresponding to an under-bump metallization (UBM) feature in a die. The die includes a substrate and an interconnect structure over the substrate. The method also includes determining a location of a stacked via structure in the interconnect structure based on the location of the PIO. The method further includes forming, in the interconnect structure, the stacked via structure comprising at most three stacked contact vias at the location of the PIO.

Abstract: A method includes providing a substrate having a surface such that a first hard mask layer is formed over the surface and a second hard mask layer is formed over the first hard mask layer, forming a first pattern in the second hard mask layer, where the first pattern includes a first mandrel oriented lengthwise in a first direction and a second mandrel oriented lengthwise in a second direction different from the first direction, and where the first mandrel has a top surface, a first sidewall, and a second sidewall opposite to the first sidewall, and depositing a material towards the first mandrel and the second mandrel such that a layer of the material is formed on the top surface and the first sidewall but not the second sidewall of the first mandrel.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device includes forming a first layer of a first planarizing material over a patterned surface of a substrate, forming a second layer of a second planarizing material over the first planarizing layer, crosslinking a portion of the first planarizing material and a portion of the second planarizing material, and removing a portion of the second planarizing material that is not crosslinked. In an embodiment, the method further includes forming a third layer of a third planarizing material over the second planarizing material after removing the portion of the second planarizing material that is not crosslinked. The third planarizing material can include a bottom anti-reflective coating or a spin-on carbon, and an acid or an acid generator. The first planarizing material can include a spin-on carbon, and an acid, a thermal acid generator or a photoacid generator.

Abstract: A method of rotating a crank shaft and in internal detonation engine are provided. The internal detonation engine comprises a deflagration to detonation transition section. The deflagration to detonation transition section is connected to a main cylinder, which houses a piston. Inducing a detonation wave from the deflagration wave and passing the detonation wave through a fluid, gives rise to high pressure and temperature in a cylinder and pushes a piston towards bottom dead center. An internal detonation reciprocating engine may be a single cylinder and may be either a two or four stroke engine. A two-stroke internal detonation reciprocating engine is similar to a four-stroke internal detonation reciprocating engine but has different valve placements. Detonations produce a more thorough combustion of the fuel and may, thereby, yield reduced emissions of carbon monoxide as compared to internal combustion engines.

Abstract: The system and method described herein uses a hybrid pulsed detonation engine (PDE) system to drive a turbine that powers an electric generator. The combustion chamber of the PDE is shaped in a helical form, so that the external length of the section is reduced, while maintaining the distance for acceleration to detonation. This allows the achievement of deflagration to detonation transition without the help of turbulence enhancing obstacles, while keeping the overall size of the detonation tube small. The PDE output can be scaled by: increasing the cross sectional area of the detonation chamber; increasing the number of detonation tubes; and increasing the frequency of operation of the PDE. The replacement of conventional deflagrative internal combustion engines, including gas turbines and reciprocating engines, with pulsed detonation engines for electric power generation, may provide fuel savings and have a lower environmental impact.

Abstract: This invention discloses a manufacturing method for producing three-dimensional food in a very short time without using a mold. The key technology is to establish a figure or word character in a computer-aided design (CAD) software such as CATIA, Pro/E, I-Deals, Solidwork, and AutoCAD or use a built-in figure and word of the Window system. The figure or word character is built into a three-dimensional model and transformed into a file with an *.stl format. Finally, a rapid prototyping (RP) machine is used to build the 3D food, and then the finished goods of the 3D food are produced. The invention promotes the food manufacturing method from 2D to 3D and accomplishes a substantial progress on the application of rapid prototyping.

Abstract: A method for forming objects includes a step of spreading a base material layer on a surface, a step of initiating a first physical or chemical change of the base material layer by exposure to one of ultra violet beams or infra-red beams so as to become a gelled material, a step of initiating a second physical or chemical change by application of a laser beam to selected areas of the gelled base material layer to make each selected area to become hardened in mature, a step of repeating steps 1-3 a pre-determined number of times, each newly added base material layer being laminated on a preceding layer to form a plurality of stacked layers, the hardened selected areas of the plurality of stacked layers defining a solid object, and a step of removing the portions of base material layers remaining in gelled form to obtain a final prototype.

Abstract: A method for forming objects includes a step of spreading base material on a limited area by nozzles or rollers, step of proceeding a first time of physical or chemical change on selected areas by heating boards, ultra violet beams or infra-red beams so as to have gel-like material, and step of selectively proceeding a second time of physical or chemical change by laser beam or adding additional material on the selected areas of the base material so that the nature of the gel-like material becomes acceptable. The gel-like material is laminated to build a three dimensional object.

Abstract: This is to claim the invention of the twin-plate flameholders that can be applied to the afterburner and reheater of the jet engines as well as the industrial burners and incinerators. The claimed flameholder features a certain overlap between the two plates and a slit at the overlap portion. It turns out that a small portion of the air and fuel flows through the slit between the two plates will result in significant modification in the aerodynamic flow structure and local fuel distribution to enhance the capability of flameholding. Hence the performance of the claimed FLAMEHOLDER is much better than the conventional ones in terms of the combustion efficiency, flame ignition and blowout limits, and operation range of the combustion devices. The inclined angle of the twin-plate flameholder can be adjusted by a turning mechanism, this provides the benefit to adjust the inclined angle of the twin-plate flameholders under different operation conditions.

Abstract: This invention is a twin-plate flameholder for an afterburner and reheater of jet engines as well as for industrial burners and incinerators. The flameholder features two plates with a certain overlap and a slit at the overlap portion. A small portion of the air and fuel flows through the slit between the two plates and results in a significant modification in the aerodynamic flow structure and local fuel distribution to enhances the capability of flameholding. Hence the performance of the flameholder is much better than conventional ones in terms of combustion efficiency, flame ignition, blowout limits, and operation range of the combustion devices. The inclined angle of the twin-plate flameholder can be adjusted by a turning mechanism to adjust the inclined angle of the twin-plate flameholder under different operation conditions. Furthermore, a series of the twin-plate flameholders can be linked together with a control mechanism so that these flameholders can be rotated in the same or opposite direction.