Abstract: An acoustic wave element includes: a substrate; a bonding structure on the substrate; a support layer on the bonding structure; a first electrode including a lower surface on the support layer; a cavity positioned between the support layer and the first electrode and exposing a lower surface of the first electrode; a piezoelectric layer on the first electrode; and a second electrode on the piezoelectric layer, wherein at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode includes a first layer and a second layer that the first layer has a first acoustic impedance and a first electrical impedance, the second layer has a second acoustic impedance and a second electrical impedance, wherein the first acoustic impedance is higher than the second acoustic impedance, and the second electrical impedance is lower than the first electrical impedance.

Abstract: User equipments can download a video file by instantiating multiple video requests, each request specifying different parts of the video file. If each video request initiates a separate transmission control protocol (TCP) session, which is the case with an hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) partial get request, then a network device in a communications network would be oblivious of contextual information, which indicates that the TCP sessions download different portions of the same video file. This disclosure provides systems and methods for correlating multiple TCP sessions so that a network device in a communications network can be aware of the contextual information.

Abstract: Semantic data corresponding to video data may be received. Next, the received semantic data corresponding to the video data may be analyzed. Caching decisions may then be made based upon the analysis of the received semantic data corresponding to the video data.

Abstract: A user device may send a request for a data file to an access point. The user device may then receive, from the access point, data indicating that a segment of the data file has been previously cached in a local cache at the access point. In response to receiving the data, the user device may display an indicator configured to indicate that the segment of the data file is cached in the local cache.

Abstract: User equipments can download a video file by instantiating multiple video requests, each request specifying different parts of the video file. If each video request initiates a separate transmission control protocol (TCP) session, which is the case with an hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) partial get request, then a network device in a communications network would be oblivious of contextual information, which indicates that the TCP sessions download different portions of the same video file. This disclosure provides systems and methods for correlating multiple TCP sessions so that a network device in a communications network can be aware of the contextual information.

Abstract: User equipments can download a video file by instantiating multiple video requests, each request specifying different parts of the video file. If each video request initiates a separate transmission control protocol (TCP) session, which is the case with an hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) partial get request, then a network device in a communications network would be oblivious of contextual information, which indicates that the TCP sessions download different portions of the same video file. This disclosure provides systems and methods for correlating multiple TCP sessions so that a network device in a communications network can be aware of the contextual information.

Abstract: A method for controllable layer-by-layer removal of graphene layers is provided. The method includes the steps of: disposing a single-layer or multi-layer graphene on a heat source, arranging graphene layer or layers in a sealed chamber filled with ozone gas, and removing a targeted area of graphene with a laser. The method provides low-temperature removal of graphene layer-by-layer. The heat source, laser, and the highly oxidizing ozone gas selectively control the removal of graphene layers.

Abstract: A method for controllable layer-by-layer removal of graphene layers is provided. The method includes the steps of: disposing a single-layer or multi-layer graphene on a heat source, arranging graphene layer or layers in a sealed chamber filled with ozone gas, and removing a targeted area of graphene with a laser. The method provides low-temperature removal of graphene layer-by-layer. The heat source, laser, and the highly oxidizing ozone gas selectively control the removal of graphene layers.

Abstract: Semantic data corresponding to video data may be received. Next, the received semantic data corresponding to the video data may be analyzed. Caching decisions may then be made based upon the analysis of the received semantic data corresponding to the video data.

Abstract: Mining information from network data traffic to determine interests of online network users is provided herein. A data packet received at a network interface device can be accessed and inspected at line rate speeds. Source or addressing information in the data packet can be extracted to identify an initiating and/or receiving device. The packet can be inspected to identify occurrences of keywords or data features related with one or more subject matters. A vector can be defined for a network device that indicates a relative rank of interest in various subject matters. Furthermore, statistical analysis can be implemented on data stored in one or more interest vectors to determine information pertinent to network user interests. The information can facilitate providing value-added products or services to network users.

Abstract: A user device may send a request for a data file to an access point. The user device may then receive, from the access point, data indicating that a segment of the data file has been previously cached in a local cache at the access point. In response to receiving the data, the user device may display an indicator configured to indicate that the segment of the data file is cached in the local cache.

Abstract: Mining information from network data traffic to determine interests of online network users is provided herein. A data packet received at a network interface device can be accessed and inspected at line rate speeds. Source or addressing information in the data packet can be extracted to identify an initiating and/or receiving device. The packet can be inspected to identify occurrences of keywords or data features related with one or more subject matters. A vector can be defined for a network device that indicates a relative rank of interest in various subject matters. Furthermore, statistical analysis can be implemented on data stored in one or more interest vectors to determine information pertinent to network user interests. The information can facilitate providing value-added products or services to network users.

Abstract: A light-emitting structure for generating an annular illumination effect includes a light-guiding module, a cover module, and a first light-emitting module. The light-guiding module has a hollow light-guiding body and a reflecting layer formed on an inner surface of the hollow light-guiding body. The cover module has a first cover body disposed on one end side of the hollow light-guiding body and a second cover body disposed on the other opposite end side of the hollow light-guiding body. The first light-emitting module has a plurality of first light-emitting elements disposed between the hollow light-guiding body and the first cover body. Therefore, first light beams generated by the first light-emitting elements are projected onto the hollow light-guiding body, and the first light beams are guided by the hollow light-guiding body and are reflected by the reflecting layer in order to make the hollow light-guiding body generate the annular illumination effect.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a mass analyzing apparatus, comprising a first metal electrode plate, a second metal electrode plate, an RF power supply, a reactant gas and a mass spectrometry. The second metal electrode plate is grounded. There is a gap between the first metal electrode plate and the second metal electrode plate. The RF power supply is electrically connected to the first metal electrode plate. Electric discharge is caused between the first metal electrode plate and the second metal electrode plate, so that the reactant gas becomes dissociation plasma. The dissociation plasma reacts with a gas analyte from a sample and then enters the mass spectrometry for a mass analysis. In addition, since the dissociation plasma is generated under low temperature and atmospheric pressure, the mass analyzing apparatus of the present invention is applicable for biological samples that need to be analyzed at a low temperature.

Abstract: A light-emitting structure for generating an annular illumination effect includes a light-guiding module, a cover module, and a first light-emitting module. The light-guiding module has a hollow light-guiding body and a reflecting layer formed on an inner surface of the hollow light-guiding body. The cover module has a first cover body disposed on one end side of the hollow light-guiding body and a second cover body disposed on the other opposite end side of the hollow light-guiding body. The first light-emitting module has a plurality of first light-emitting elements disposed between the hollow light-guiding body and the first cover body. Therefore, first light beams generated by the first light-emitting elements are projected onto the hollow light-guiding body, and the first light beams are guided by the hollow light-guiding body and are reflected by the reflecting layer in order to make the hollow light-guiding body generate the annular illumination effect.

Abstract: Mining information from network data traffic to determine interests of online network users is provided herein. A data packet received at a network interface device can be accessed and inspected at line rate speeds. Source or addressing information in the data packet can be extracted to identify an initiating and/or receiving device. The packet can be inspected to identify occurrences of keywords or data features related with one or more subject matters. A vector can be defined for a network device that indicates a relative rank of interest in various subject matters. Furthermore, statistical analysis can be implemented on data stored in one or more interest vectors to determine information pertinent to network user interests. The information can facilitate providing value-added products or services to network users.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a mass analyzing apparatus, comprising a first metal electrode plate, a second metal electrode plate, an RF power supply, a reactant gas and a mass spectrometry. The second metal electrode plate is grounded. There is a gap between the first metal electrode plate and the second metal electrode plate. The RF power supply is electrically connected to the first metal electrode plate. Electric discharge is caused between the first metal electrode plate and the second metal electrode plate, so that the reactant gas becomes dissociation plasma. The dissociation plasma reacts with a gas analyte from a sample and then enters the mass spectrometry for a mass analysis. In addition, since the dissociation plasma is generated under low temperature and atmospheric pressure, the mass analyzing apparatus of the present invention is applicable for biological samples that need to be analyzed at a low temperature.

Abstract: A level shifter is provided. The level shifter includes a first input transistor, a second input transistor, a first bias transistor, a second bias transistor, a first switch transistor and a second switch transistor. At the time of change of the signal status, by raising the potential of the body terminal of the first input transistor, the threshold voltage is reduced so that the current flowing through the second input transistor is increased to shorten the time of the change of the signal status.

Abstract: A white LED comprising at least an excitation light source and a fluorescent powder, the excitation light source issues light with wavelength between 285 nm to 490 nm, the fluorescent powder is installed around the excitation light source to receive the light from the excitation light source; the materials of the fluorescent powders is one of the (Ca,Sr,Ba,)8Mg(SiO4)4Cl2:Eu2+, Dy3+, Mn3+ for better luminant efficiency and better excitation effect.

Abstract: A level shifter is provided. The level shifter includes a first input transistor, a second input transistor, a first bias transistor, a second bias transistor, a first switch transistor and a second switch transistor. At the time of change of the signal status, by raising the potential of the body terminal of the first input transistor, the threshold voltage is reduced so that the current flowing through the second input transistor is increased to shorten the time of the change of the signal status.