Abstract: A manufacturing method of a semiconductor structure includes the following steps. A first wafer is provided. The first wafer includes a first substrate and a first device layer. A second wafer is provided. The second wafer includes a second substrate and a second device layer. The second device layer is bonded to the first device layer. An edge trimming process is performed on the first wafer and the second wafer to expose a first upper surface of the first substrate and a second upper surface of the first substrate and to form a damaged region in the first substrate below the first upper surface and the second upper surface. The second upper surface is higher than the first upper surface. A first photoresist layer is formed. The first photoresist layer is located on the second wafer and the second upper surface and exposes the first upper surface and the damaged region. The damaged region is removed by using the first photoresist layer as a mask. The first photoresist layer is removed.

Abstract: Techniques are described for decoding video data. A video decoder may determine chroma blocks in a chroma quantization group (QG) of the video data, determine a quantization parameter predictor that is the same for each of the chroma blocks of the chroma QG, determine an offset value that is the same for two or more of the chroma blocks of the chroma QG, determine a quantization parameter value for each of the two or more of the chroma blocks in the chroma QG based on the quantization parameter predictor and the offset value inverse quantize coefficients of one or more residual blocks for the chroma blocks based on the determined quantization parameter value, generate the one or more residual blocks based on the inverse quantized coefficients, and reconstruct the chroma blocks based on the one or more residual blocks.

Abstract: An example device for coding video data includes a memory configured to store video data; and one or more processing units implemented in circuitry and configured to: store motion information for a first coding tree unit (CTU) line of a picture in a first history motion vector predictor (MVP) buffer of the memory; reset a second history MVP buffer of the memory; and after resetting the second history MVP buffer, store motion information for a second CTU line of the picture in the second history MVP buffer, the second CTU line being different than the first CTU line. Separate threads of a video coding process executed by the one or more processors may process respective CTU lines, in some examples.

Abstract: A device for decoding video data includes a memory configured to store video data; and one or more processors implemented in circuitry and configured to: determine a deterministic bounding box from which to retrieve reference samples of reference pictures of video data for performing decoder-side motion vector derivation (DMVD) for a current block of the video data; derive a motion vector for the current block according to DMVD using the reference samples within the deterministic bounding box; form a prediction block using the motion vector; and decode the current block using the prediction block.

Abstract: Aspects presented herein relate to methods and devices for data processing including an apparatus, e.g., a CPU. The apparatus may obtain an indication of a set of data subunits corresponding to at least one data unit. The apparatus may also arrange data for the set of data subunits into a first data order for the set of data subunits. Further, the apparatus may perform at least one of an encoding process or a decoding process on the data for each data subunit of the set of data subunits. The apparatus may also rearrange the data for the set of data subunits into the first data order for a first data subunit in the set of data subunits and into a second data order for at least one second data subunit in the set of data subunits, where the first data order is different from the second data order.

Abstract: An example method includes determining, for each respective coding block of a plurality of coding blocks of a current coding tree unit (CTU) of video data in a current picture of video data, a respective search area of a plurality of respective search areas, wherein at least one of the plurality of search areas includes samples of the current picture located outside of the current CTU, and wherein at least one of the plurality of search areas does not include samples of the current picture located outside of the current CTU; selecting, for each respective coding block and from within the respective search area for the respective coding block, a respective predictor block of a plurality of predictor blocks; and reconstructing samples of each respective coding block based on samples included in a corresponding predictor block in the plurality of predictor blocks.

Abstract: A device for encoding video data includes a memory configured to store video data, and a video encoder implemented in circuitry and configured to encode a future picture of the video data having a first display order position, the future picture being included in an intra period (IP) of the video data, the IP comprising a plurality of groups of pictures (GOPs), and after encoding the future picture, encode a picture of an ordinal first GOP of the plurality of GOPs using the future picture as a reference picture, each picture of the ordinal first GOP having display order positions earlier than the first display order position. Encoding the future picture in this manner may result in encoding performance improvements with minimal increases in encoding and decoding complexity.

Abstract: An example device for filtering a decoded block of video data includes one or more processing units configured to construct a plurality of filters for classes of blocks of a current picture of video data. To construct the plurality of filters for each of the classes, the processing units are configured to determine a value of a flag that indicates whether a fixed filter is used to predict a set of filter coefficients of the class, and in response to the fixed filter being used to predict the set of filter coefficients, determine an index value into a set of fixed filters and predict the set of filter coefficients of the class using a fixed filter of the set of fixed filters identified by the index value.

Abstract: A video coder may determine a motion vector of a non-adjacent block of a current picture of the video data. The non-adjacent block is non-adjacent to a current block of the current picture. Furthermore, the video coder determines, based on the motion vector of the non-adjacent block, a motion vector predictor (MVP) for the current block. The video coder may determine a motion vector of the current block. The video coder may also determine a predictive block based on the motion vector of the current block.

Abstract: Methods and devices for decoding including a processor configured to determine which picture is a collocated picture, and determine a location of an associated block of the video data in the collocated picture that corresponds to the current block of video data in the current coding picture, based on using previously decoded blocks in the current coding picture to find an initial motion vector between the associated block in the collocated picture and the current block in the current coding picture, where the associated block of the video data includes at least one first derived motion vector. The processor configured to determine at least one second derived motion vector associated with the current block in the current coding picture, when the initial motion vector points to the collocated picture, based on the at least on first derived motion vector associated with the associated block in the collocated picture.

Abstract: An example device for filtering a decoded block of video data includes one or more processing units configured to construct filters for classes of blocks of a current picture of video data. To construct filters for each of the classes, the processing units are configured to determine a value of a flag that indicates whether a fixed filter is used to predict a set of filter coefficients of the class, and in response to the fixed filter being used to predict the set of filter coefficients, determine an index value into a set of fixed filters and predict the set of filter coefficients of the class using a fixed filter of the set of fixed filters identified by the index value.

Abstract: An example device for coding video data includes a memory configured to store video data; and one or more processing units implemented in circuitry and configured to: store motion information for a first coding tree unit (CTU) line of a picture in a first history motion vector predictor (MVP) buffer of the memory; reset a second history MVP buffer of the memory; and after resetting the second history MVP buffer, store motion information for a second CTU line of the picture in the second history MVP buffer, the second CTU line being different than the first CTU line. Separate threads of a video coding process executed by the one or more processors may process respective CTU lines, in some examples.

Abstract: A device for processing video data includes a memory configured to store video data and one or more processors implemented in circuitry. The one or more processors are configured to obtain unfiltered reference samples for an area of a picture of the video data. The one or more processors are configured to disable intra-reference sample smoothing of the unfiltered reference samples for chroma samples in a YUV 4:2:0 format and in a YUV 4:4:4 format. The one or more processors are further configured to generate, using intra-prediction, chroma samples of a predicted block for a block of the picture based on the unfiltered reference samples when generating the chroma components in the YUV 4:2:0 format and when generating the chroma components in the YUV 4:4:4 format.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, devices, apparatus, and methods, including computer programs encoded on storage media, for truncation error signaling and adaptive dither for lossy bandwidth compression. A processor may perform a truncation process for data, where the data is associated with display processing, image processing, or the data processing, where the truncation process for the data results in truncated data. The processor may compute a set of truncation error values associated with the truncation process for the truncated data. The processor may generate a set of residual samples for the truncated data. The processor may generate a bitstream based on the set of residual samples for the truncated data and the set of truncation error values associated with the truncation process.

Abstract: An example method includes encoding, in a video bitstream, a first syntax element specifying whether affine model based motion compensation is enabled; based on affine model based motion compensation being enabled, encoding, in the video bitstream, a second syntax element specifying a maximum number of subblock-based merging motion vector prediction candidates, wherein a value of the second syntax element is constrained based on a value other than a value of the first syntax element; and encoding a picture of the video data based on the maximum number of subblock-based merging motion vector prediction candidates.

Abstract: An example device for encoding high dynamic range (HDR) video data includes a memory configured to store video data; and one or more processors implemented in circuitry and configured to: calculate a histogram for an image of the video data, the image being expressed in a linear light format; encode values for the histogram of the image expressed in the linear light format; and encode the image. Data for the histogram may be expressed in an array of variables having a size of 210×18 bits. The device may encode codewords representing values for bins of the histogram, where the codewords may be selected from a set of codewords for a PQ10 format for HDR images. The bins of the histogram may represent non-equal width ranges.

Abstract: This disclosure describes gradient-based prediction refinement. A video coder (e.g., video encoder or video decoder) determines one or more prediction blocks for inter-predicting a current block (e.g., based on one or more motion vectors for the current block). In gradient-based prediction refinement, the video coder modifies one or more samples of the prediction block based on various factors such as displacement in a horizontal direction, the horizontal gradient, a displacement in the vertical direction, and a vertical gradient. This disclosure provides for gradient-based prediction refinement where a precision level of the displacement (e.g., at least one of the horizontal or vertical displacement) is unified (e.g., the same) for different prediction modes.

Abstract: A device and method for coding video data is described. The device may generate filtered samples by performing, in a predicted samples domain, interpolation filtering and a second filtering from a group of one or more of: an adaptive filter, a domain transform filter, a scaler, or a local illumination compensation (LIC). The device may generate one or more of: residual data based on the filtered samples, or reconstructed samples based on the filtered samples; and code the video data based on one or more of the residual data or the reconstructed samples.

Abstract: A method of encoding video data includes determining an integer sample in a reference picture of the video data; determining, based on the integer sample, at least a first fractional sample and a second fractional sample, wherein the first fractional sample has a first fractional pel resolution, and the second fractional sample has a second fractional pel resolution different from the first fractional pel resolution; subsequent to determining both the first fractional sample and the second fractional sample, determining a first cost metric associated with the first fractional sample and a second cost metric associated with the second fractional sample; determining a reference block for a current block based on at least one of the first cost metric or the second cost metric; and encoding the current block based on the reference block.

Abstract: An example device for encoding high dynamic range (HDR) video data includes a memory configured to store video data; and one or more processors implemented in circuitry and configured to: calculate a histogram for an image of the video data, the image being expressed in a linear light format; encode values for the histogram of the image expressed in the linear light format; and encode the image. Data for the histogram may be expressed in an array of variables having a size of 210×18 bits. The device may encode codewords representing values for bins of the histogram, where the codewords may be selected from a set of codewords for a PQ10 format for HDR images. The bins of the histogram may represent non-equal width ranges.