Abstract: The present invention mainly relates to a method and apparatus for measuring the concentration of a solute in a solvent. Disclosed is an apparatus or method for determining the concentration of a solute in a solvent of a solution in a container having a time-varying volume by analyzing two signals received from the solution, comprising: measuring the quantity of the two received signals, converting the two signals into two electro-optical or electrical signals, performing a mathematical transformation on the two electro-optical or electrical signals, and determining the ratio of the transformation components of the two electro-optical or electrical signals. The present invention can be used in various applications of determining the ingredient concentration of a fluid, such as a gas or liquid. Particularly, the present invention finds applications in blood analysis in a human body for measuring, for example, the glucose, triglycerol, cholesterol, or oxyhemoglobin concentrations of the blood.

Abstract: A method of detecting the charged particles in an aqueous solution, including immersing one of two electrodes in the aqueous solution to provide a conductive path between the aqueous solution and the other electrode; applying a stepping potential through the electrodes to measure an impulse current through the aqueous solution; and comparing the measured impulse current with an impulse current of a reference solution having known ingredients to determine if the two solutions are similar.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for diagnosing the circulation of blood. A pressure measurement instrument is provided to measure the waveform of the blood pressure in an artery of a patient. An analyzer is employed to analyze the frequency components of the blood pressure wave in order to compare the pattern of each resonance component to the pattern of a normal blood pressure wave in order to determine whether the blood distribution of the patient is off-balance. This off-balance can be diagnosed from the Chinese medicine principles by relating each harmonic in the blood pressure wave to the corresponding meridian which includes a specific organ. If a specific problem or disorder is identified, the effectiveness of any treatment can be monitored by following the change in the specific harmonic component in the blood pressure wave. This method can also be a valuable medical tool in the development of new treatments or drugs.

Abstract: An electric socket with locking means inside; when the plug is inserted into it, the electrical source will be connected, and at the same time, the plug will be locked. To disconnect the plug, a button must first be pushed to release the locking means and disconnect the electrical source. This construction will be very safe because there is no way to contact the electrical source from the socket either with the plug inserted or without the plug inserted. When it is connected, accidental disengagement of the plug and disconnection of the electrical source will not occur.

Abstract: A metal-covered substrate is first adsorbed with a layer of known biological particles. This active substrate is then put into a solution containing an unknown amount of second biological particles that will bind the first kind of particles which are randomly distributed in the layer. A third biological particle bound to a fluorescent dye is applied to this substrate which is then placed in an apparatus having a light source inducing fluorescent emission, and a photon counting system to measure the amount of fluorescent photon. The metal-covered substrate reflects the exciting photon toward a photon trap so that few exciting photons will go to the photon counting system, while the induced signal is reflected toward the photon counting system and more induced signal will be measured.