Abstract: An electronic device and a method for manufacturing the same are provided. The electronic device includes a substrate, an encapsulant and an electronic component. The encapsulant is disposed over the substrate, and has a first top surface, a second top surface and a first lateral surface extending between the first top surface and the second top surface. A roughness of the first lateral surface is less than or equal to a roughness of the second top surface. The electronic component is disposed over the second top surface of the encapsulant and electrically connected to the substrate.

Abstract: A solar cell testing system including a lower electrode, a solar cell, an encapsulation material, a sodium-containing template, an upper electrode, a voltage source and a measuring circuit is provided. The solar cell is disposed on the lower electrode. The encapsulation material is disposed on the solar cell. The sodium-containing template is disposed on the encapsulation material, wherein the sodium-containing template has a sodium ion content ranging between 9-39%. The upper electrode is disposed on the sodium-containing template. The voltage source is connected between the upper electrode and the lower electrode. The measuring circuit is connected between the solar cell and the lower electrode for measuring a shunt resistance of the solar cell.

Abstract: A solar cell testing system including a lower electrode, a solar cell, an encapsulation material, a sodium-containing template, an upper electrode, a voltage source and a measuring circuit is provided. The solar cell is disposed on the lower electrode. The encapsulation material is disposed on the solar cell. The sodium-containing template is disposed on the encapsulation material, wherein the sodium-containing template has a sodium ion content ranging between 9-39%. The upper electrode is disposed on the sodium-containing template. The voltage source is connected between the upper electrode and the lower electrode. The measuring circuit is connected between the solar cell and the lower electrode for measuring a shunt resistance of the solar cell.