Abstract: The present disclosure discloses a light-emitting diode (LED) glass bulb and a manufacturing process thereof. A key point of the technical solutions is as follows. By steps of preparation of a combined material, mounting of an LED lamp, welding of a glass package, seal test, secondary vacuum package of a glass bulb, waterproof test, power-on test, packaging of a qualified product, and the like, the important sealing treatment is performed on an LED bulb, so that the sealing property of a lamp housing is improved; the vacuum treatment is to prevent the LED lamp from being partially oxidized, which greatly prolongs the service life of the LED lamp; moreover, due to the waterproof test, the LED lamp can adapt to different severe environments; and by the final power-on test, the process can ensure a sufficient yield, which greatly improves the manufacturing effect of the manufacturing process.

Abstract: A method for controlling a vehicle is applied to an in-vehicle terminal, includes: obtaining current position information of a vehicle and a preset electronic fence, determining a travel direction according to the current position information and the preset electronic fence; when determining that the vehicle travels from the inside of the preset electronic fence to the outside of the preset electronic fence, determining a current position state of the vehicle according to the current position information, where the position state represents a relative position of the vehicle and the preset electronic fence; determining whether the current position state is the same as a previous position state of the vehicle; and when the current position state is different from the previous position state, performing one or two of outputting warning information and sending a key shielding signal, to enable a key controller to shield a key control signal of the vehicle.

Abstract: A method for controlling a vehicle is applied to an in-vehicle terminal, includes: obtaining current position information of a vehicle and a preset electronic fence, determining a travel direction according to the current position information and the preset electronic fence; when determining that the vehicle travels from the inside of the preset electronic fence to the outside of the preset electronic fence, determining a current position state of the vehicle according to the current position information, where the position state represents a relative position of the vehicle and the preset electronic fence; determining whether the current position state is the same as a previous position state of the vehicle; and when the current position state is different from the previous position state, performing one or two of outputting warning information and sending a key shielding signal, to enable a key controller to shield a key control signal of the vehicle.

Abstract: A transponder, such as an electronic toll transponder, is configured to recognize when it is being subjected to consistent and repeated trigger signals over an extended period of time and, in response, the transponder enters a reduced-responsiveness state. In the reduced-responsiveness state, the transponder may only intermittently respond to detected trigger signals. The transponder may recognize when the repeated trigger signal situation has been resolved and then return to normal responsiveness.

Abstract: A transponder, such as an electronic toll transponder, is configured to recognize when it is being subjected to consistent and repeated trigger signals over an extended period of time and, in response, the transponder enters a reduced-responsiveness state. In the reduced-responsiveness state, the transponder may only intermittently respond to detected trigger signals. The transponder may recognize when the repeated trigger signal situation has been resolved and then return to normal responsiveness.

Abstract: A dual mode transponder for engaging in RF communications with a roadside reader from a vehicle. The transponder includes an antenna, an electronic toll collection (ETC) component, and an external interface. The ETC component implements a pre-defined ETC communications protocol to detect and interpret received signals and generate response signals when operating in an ETC mode. The ETC component also includes a bypass port. The external interface is coupled to the bypass port and has an external port for receiving input signals. The ETC component includes a bypass module for receiving a bypass instruction and entering a bypass mode. In the bypass mode the ETC component refrains from implementing the ETC communications protocol. Instead, the ETC component transmits the input signals relayed from the external interface to the ETC component to the reader.

Abstract: A dual mode transponder for engaging in RF communications with a roadside reader from a vehicle. The transponder includes an antenna, an electronic toll collection (ETC) component, and an external interface. The ETC component implements a pre-defined ETC communications protocol to detect and interpret received signals and generate response signals when operating in an ETC mode. The ETC component also includes a bypass port. The external interface is coupled to the bypass port and has an external port for receiving input signals. The ETC component includes a bypass module for receiving a bypass instruction and entering a bypass mode. In the bypass mode the ETC component refrains from implementing the ETC communications protocol. Instead, the ETC component transmits the input signals relayed from the external interface to the ETC component to the reader.

Abstract: Methods and systems for obtaining vehicle emissions data from on-board vehicle information systems under on-road or open-road conditions. The vehicle may be equipped with a transponder for relaying emissions data to a reader. The reader includes antennas defining a communications zone within a roadway. The transponder and reader are capable of engaging in RF communications as the vehicle-mounted transponder traverses the communications zone.

Abstract: A multi protocol transponder for a communications network having a antenna for receiving a first RF signal transmitted according to a communications protocol and a detector for identifying the communications protocol from the first RF signal. A protocol controller is provided for executing the identified communications protocol to generate a second RF signal. Thereafter an antenna transmits the second RF signal according to the communications protocol either by active transmission or modulated backscatter. The transponder may implement a variety of wide area and localized lane based protocols for Automatic Vehicle Identification systems such as CVO and Toll systems.

Abstract: A multi protocol transponder for a communications network having a antenna for receiving a first RF signal transmitted according to a communications protocol and a detector for identifying the communications protocol from the first RF signal. A protocol controller is provided for executing the identified communications protocol to generate a second RF signal. Thereafter an antenna transmits the second RF signal according to the communications protocol either by active transmission or modulated backscatter. The transponder may implement a variety of wide area and localized lane based protocols for Automatic Vehicle Identification systems such as CVO and Toll systems.

Abstract: An RF roadway toll collection system uses an upstream reader to communicate with a vehicle borne transponder carrying a Smart Card to calculate the toll and debit the Smart Card balance in the amount of the toll payment required. A transaction manager is notified of the toll payment from the upstream reader and notifies a downstream reader of the vehicle identification and payment status. The downstream reader confirms the vehicle identification and payment status and signals if the toll has been paid.

Abstract: An RF roadway toll collection system uses an upstream reader to communicate with a vehicle borne transponder carrying a Smart Card to calculate the toll and debit the Smart Card balance in the amount of the toll payment required. A transaction manager is notified of the toll payment from the upstream reader and notifies a downstream reader of the vehicle identification and payment status. The downstream reader confirms the vehicle identification and payment status and signals if the toll has been paid.

Abstract: A multi protocol transponder for a communications network having a antenna for receiving a first RF signal transmitted according to a communications protocol and a detector for identifying the communications protocol from the first RF signal. A protocol controller is provided for executing the identified communications protocol to generate a second RF signal. Thereafter an antenna transmits the second RF signal according to the communications protocol either by active transmission or modulated backscatter. The transponder may implement a variety of wide area and localized lane based protocols for Automatic Vehicle Identification systems such as CVO and Toll systems.