Abstract: Systems and methods for controlling optical powers of optical channels in an optical communications network comprising a plurality of nodes is described herein. The method comprises obtaining a reference optical power. The method also includes determining an optical power of an optical channel generated by an optical transmitter of a node. The method further includes applying an attenuation to the optical channel to reduce the optical power of the optical channel to the reference optical power. In some implementations, the method is performed by a network controller operating in the optical communications network.

Abstract: A formulation of an interconnect of a fuel cell includes chrome powder and chrome-iron alloy powder. A ratio of a sum of chrome in the chrome powder and the chrome-iron alloy powder is in a range between 80% in weight and 95% in weight, and a ratio of a sum of iron in the chrome powder and the chrome-iron alloy powder is in a range between 5% in weight and 20% in weight.

Abstract: Systems and methods for controlling optical powers of optical channels in an optical communications network comprising a plurality of nodes is described herein. The method comprises obtaining a reference optical power. The method also includes determining an optical power of an optical channel generated by an optical transmitter of a node. The method further includes applying an attenuation to the optical channel to reduce the optical power of the optical channel to the reference optical power. In some implementations, the method is performed by a network controller operating in the optical communications network.

Abstract: In an optical transceiver, an optical transmitter coupled to a reconfigurable optical channel-add apparatus has first and second add paths, an add micro-ring resonator, and first and second optical attenuators, reconfigurable to selectively block an optical channel from an optical transmitter in one of the first and second add paths. The add micro-ring resonator is reconfigurable selectively to add an optical channel from the first add path to an optical waveguide to travel towards the first add-drop port or to add an optical channel from the second add path to the optical waveguide to travel towards the second add-drop port. An optical receiver is coupled to a reconfigurable optical channel-drop apparatus having a drop micro-ring resonator, and first and second drop paths.

Abstract: An optical source comprises a first laser arranged to generate a first optical signal having a first state of polarization (SOP) and a first optical frequency; a second laser arranged to generate a second optical signal having a second SOP, substantially orthogonal to the first SOP, and having a second optical frequency, different from the first optical frequency by a preselected frequency difference; a polarisation beam coupler arranged to combine the first optical signal and the second optical signal into a composite optical signal comprising both the first optical signal and the second optical signal having said substantially orthogonal SOPs; and an output arranged to output the composite optical signal.

Abstract: In an optical transceiver, an optical transmitter coupled to a reconfigurable optical channel-add apparatus has first and second add paths, an add micro-ring resonator, and first and second optical attenuators, reconfigurable to selectively block an optical channel from an optical transmitter in one of the first and second add paths. The add micro-ring resonator is reconfigurable selectively to add an optical channel from the first add path to an optical waveguide to travel towards the first add-drop port or to add an optical channel from the second add path to the optical waveguide to travel towards the second add-drop port. An optical receiver is coupled to a reconfigurable optical channel-drop apparatus having a drop micro-ring resonator, and first and second drop paths.

Abstract: A wearable device for information delivery may comprise a physiological sensor, a microprocessor, a display and a wearable housing. The wearable device may effectively receive a signal, convert the signal into information and renders a layout on a display. A method for information delivery may comprise signal reception step, signal transformation step and information visualization step. The method may be extensively applied in a wearable device or a device comprising at least a physiological sensor, a microprocessor and a display.

Abstract: An optical source comprises a first laser arranged to generate a first optical signal having a first state of polarization (SOP) and a first optical frequency; a second laser arranged to generate a second optical signal having a second SOP, substantially orthogonal to the first SOP, and having a second optical frequency, different from the first optical frequency by a preselected frequency difference; a polarisation beam coupler arranged to combine the first optical signal and the second optical signal into a composite optical signal comprising both the first optical signal and the second optical signal having said substantially orthogonal SOPs; and an output arranged to output the composite optical signal.

Abstract: An optical source (10) comprising: a first laser (12) arranged to generate a first optical signal (14) having a first state of polarization and a first optical frequency; a second laser (16) arranged to generate a second optical signal (18, 48, 78) having a second state of polarization, substantially orthogonal to the first state of polarization, and having a second optical frequency, different to the first optical frequency by a preselected frequency difference, ??; a polarization beam coupler (20) arranged to combine the first optical signal and the second optical signal into a composite optical signal comprising both the first optical signal and the second optical signal having said substantially orthogonal states of polarization; and an output (22) arranged to output the composite optical signal (24).

Abstract: An optical source (10) comprising: a first laser (12) arranged to generate a first optical signal (14) having a first state of polarization and a first optical frequency; a second laser (16) arranged to generate a second optical signal (18, 48, 78) having a second state of polarization, substantially orthogonal to the first state of polarization, and having a second optical frequency, different to the first optical frequency by a preselected frequency difference, ??; a polarization beam coupler (20) arranged to combine the first optical signal and the second optical signal into a composite optical signal comprising both the first optical signal and the second optical signal having said substantially orthogonal states of polarization; and an output (22) arranged to output the composite optical signal (24).

Abstract: A silicon photonic device comprises a silicon core having a core refractive index and a structure formed in the silicon core. The structure comprises a first refractive index variation pattern across the core in a first direction (x) and having a first modulation depth (H1), and a second refractive index variation pattern across the core in a second, orthogonal, direction (y) and having a second modulation depth (H2), less than the first modulation depth. The first refractive index variation pattern overlays the second refractive index variation pattern, forming a three-dimensional structure. The first refractive index variation pattern only supports propagation of light having a TM mode between the first direction and a third direction (z) and the second refractive index variation pattern only supports propagation of light having a TE mode between the second direction and the third direction.

Abstract: A silicon photonic device (1) comprising: a silicon core (2) having a core refractive index; and a structure formed in the silicon core, comprising: a first refractive index variation pattern (4) across the core in a first direction (x) and having a first modulation depth (Hi); and a second refractive index variation pattern (6) across the core in a second, orthogonal, direction (y) and having a second modulation depth (H2), less than the first modulation depth. The first refractive index variation pattern overlays the second refractive index variation pattern, forming a three-dimensional structure. The first refractive index variation pattern only supports propagation of light having a TM mode between the first direction and a third direction (z) and the second refractive index variation pattern only supports propagation of light having a TE mode between the second direction and the third direction. An optical waveguide coupler is also disclosed.

Abstract: A silicon photonic device (1) comprising: a silicon core (2) having a core refractive index; and a structure formed in the silicon core, comprising: a first refractive index variation pattern (4) across the core in a first direction (x) and having a first modulation depth (Hi); and a second refractive index variation pattern (6) across the core in a second, orthogonal, direction (y) and having a second modulation depth (H2), less than the first modulation depth. The first refractive index variation pattern overlays the second refractive index variation pattern, forming a three-dimensional structure. The first refractive index variation pattern only supports propagation of light having a TM mode between the first direction and a third direction (z) and the second refractive index variation pattern only supports propagation of light having a TE mode between the second direction and the third direction. An optical waveguide coupler is also disclosed.

Abstract: An optical source (10) comprising: a first laser (12) arranged to generate a first optical signal (14) having a first state of polarisation and a first optical frequency; a second laser (16) arranged to generate a second optical signal (18, 48, 78) having a second state of polarisation, substantially orthogonal to the first state of polarisation, and having a second optical frequency, different to the first optical frequency by a preselected frequency difference, Av; a polarisation beam coupler (20) arranged to combine the first optical signal and the second optical signal into a composite optical signal comprising both the first optical signal and the second optical signal having said substantially orthogonal states of polarisation; and an output (22) arranged to output the composite optical signal (24).

Abstract: A wearable device for information delivery may comprise a physiological sensor, a microprocessor, a display and a wearable housing. The wearable device may effectively receive a signal, convert the signal into information and renders a layout on a display. A method for information delivery may comprise signal reception step, signal transformation step and information visualization step. The method may be extensively applied in a wearable device or a device comprising at least a physiological sensor, a microprocessor and a display.

Abstract: In aligning ends of optical fibers, e.g. for performing a prealignment of ends of large mode area double-clad fibers (LMA-DCFs) in order to thereafter perform a core alignment process, in a fiber optic fusion splicer a best, optimum or near optimum position or setting of the optical system for observing the self-focusing effect is first determined and then the very alignment operation may be performed using the determined setting. The very alignment process may then be performed by adjusting stepwise the offset distance between the observed fiber ends by e.g. using a cascade technique.

Abstract: A system and method for implementation of a process that propagates a link status across a media converter system implemented in a telecom and/or data com network is provided. More specifically, the system comprise XAUI and PMA/PMD interfaces that support both a copper cable and the different types of SFP+/SFP fiber-optic pluggable modules for accessing a host system and a remote link partner, respectively. With the method, the link statuses at both the copper and fiber-optic link sides of the media converter system are being monitored, such that a change of link status at one side of the media converter system will automatically be propagated across the media converter system to the other side, by dynamically enabling or disabling a respective XAUI or PMD transmitter at the opposite side of a physical layer device (PHY) of the media converter system.

Abstract: A method handling a pluggable module selectable from a plurality of pluggable modules is executable at a media converter system of a network configuration. The method provides for automatically enabling of a disabled channel or disabling of an enabled channel of the media converter system when the pluggable module is attached to the media converter system, wherein the suggested channel enabling/disabling feature is executed on the basis of a correlation between module specific information extracted from the respective pluggable module and corresponding information extracted via the media converter system. An arrangement for executing the suggested method is also provided.

Abstract: In aligning ends of optical fibers, e.g. ends of large mode area double-clad fibers (LMA-DCFs), in a fiber optic fusion splicer the best position of the object plane of the optical system for observing images of the cores of the fiber ends are first determined by maximizing the contrast of the core image, in particular the core image peak in intensity profiles. The alignment process may be performed by adjusting the offset distance between the observed cores in some suitable way, e.g. by using a cascade technique. In e.g. a process for prealigning the fiber ends the self-focusing effect of optical fibers can be used to first determine the best object plane position for observing the self-focusing effect and then the very pre-alignment operation can be performed. This may extend the range of image analysis allowing e.g. that alignment, in particular core alignment, can be performed without requiring direct information showing the position of sides or edges of the claddings in captured pictures.

Abstract: In aligning ends of optical fibers, e.g. for performing a prealignment of ends of large mode area double-clad fibers (LMA-DCFs) in order to thereafter perform a core alignment process, in a fiber optic fusion splicer a best, optimum or near optimum position or setting of the optical system for observing the self-focusing effect is first determined and then the very alignment operation may be performed using the determined setting. The very alignment process may then be performed by adjusting stepwise the offset distance between the observed fiber ends by e.g. using a cascade technique.