Abstract: In an example, a method of processing video data includes determining an input parameter for a truncated binary code that represents a palette index for a pixel of a block of video data based on a number of indices in a palette for the block. The method also includes coding a prefix of the truncated binary code, and determining a palette coding mode for the pixel from a first palette coding mode and a second palette coding mode based only on the prefix of the truncated binary code.

Abstract: A method of decoding video data, the method comprising receiving a run-length sequence indicative of a binary vector, the binary vector comprising indications of locations of escape samples in a block of video data encoded using a palette-based coding mode, decoding the run-length sequence to obtain the binary vector, and decoding the block of video data using the binary vector. The method of claim 1 may further comprise receiving palette entries for the block of video data receiving one or more escape samples, and receiving a plurality of flags indicating the palette mode for each respective pixel in the block of video data.

Abstract: In one example, a device for coding video data includes a video coder configured to code, for a tile of an enhancement layer picture, data indicating a number of tiles in a base layer picture that need to be coded before the tile of the enhancement layer picture can be coded, code tiles of the base layer picture corresponding to the number of tiles, and, after coding the tiles of the base layer picture, code the tile of the enhancement layer picture substantially in parallel with at least one other tile in the base layer picture.

Abstract: Methods incorporating extensions to copy-above mode for palette mode coding are disclosed. In one aspect, the method includes coding a current pixel of a current block of video data in copy-previous mode via coding a previous line index. The coding of the current pixel in copy-previous mode further including identifying a number of candidate values for the previous line index, identifying a number of escape pixels in a column of pixels above the current pixel in the current block, and reducing a number of candidate values of the previous line index by the number of identified escape pixels.

Abstract: In an example, a method of processing video data may include inferring a pixel scan order for a first palette mode encoded block of video data without receiving a block-level syntax element having a value representative of the pixel scan order for the first palette mode encoded block. The method may include decoding the first palette mode encoded block of video data using the inferred pixel scan order. The method may include receiving a block-level syntax element having a value representative of a pixel scan order for a second palette mode encoded block of video data. The method may include determining the pixel scan order for the second palette mode encoded block of video data based on the received block-level syntax element. The method may include decoding the second palette mode encoded block of video data using the determined pixel scan order.

Abstract: Video data may comprise one or more blocks, each block being associated with a block palette comprising one or more palette entries specifying pixel values used in the block. A block is further divided into a plurality of sub-blocks. A sub-block scanning order for the block and pixel scanning orders for the sub-blocks are adaptively selected, based upon a distribution of pixel values within the block and sub-blocks. Sub-blocks may be associated with sub-block palettes, specifying pointers to palette entries of the block palette. Some sub-blocks may be encoded based upon pixel values of neighboring sub-blocks.

Abstract: The present invention extends to methods, systems, and computer program products for brokering data access requests and responses. Aspects of the invention include a brokering pipeline that sequentially processes data access requests and data access responses. The brokering pipeline manages access authentications, request brokering, response rewrite, cache, and hosting multiple (e.g., business) entities.

Abstract: A video coder may determine a palette predictor list comprising one or more candidates. Each respective candidate in the palette predictor list specifies a value of a different respective reconstructed neighboring pixel from among one or more reconstructed neighboring pixels. Each of the one or more reconstructed neighboring pixels is in a line above or a column left of a current block of the video data. The video coder may include, in a palette for the current block, at least one candidate in the palette predictor list.

Abstract: A method for decoding video data provided in a bitstream, where the bitstream includes a coding unit (CU) coded in palette mode, includes: parsing a palette associated with the CU provided in the bitstream; parsing one or more run lengths provided in the bitstream that are associated with the CU; parsing one or more index values provided in the bitstream that associated with the CU; and parsing one or more escape pixel values provided in the bitstream that are associated with the CU. The escape pixel values may be parsed from consecutive positions in the bitstream, the consecutive positions being in the bitstream after all of the run lengths and the index values associated with the CU. The method may further include decoding the CU based on the parsed palette, parsed run lengths, parsed index values, and parsed escape values.

Abstract: A method for constructing an ALA production bacterial strain, the method enhances the activity of related enzymes promoting the synthesis of oxaloacetate and in the 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) production bacterial strain, or introducing exogenous related enzymes promoting the synthesis of oxaloacetate, such as phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase or pyruvate carboxylase, and/or reducing the activity of related enzymes in the downstream metabolic pathway of succinyl coenzyme A in the bacterial strain, such as succinyl coenzyme A synthetase or succinate dehydrogenase, and/or reducing the activity of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylated kinase and/or malic enzyme. An ALA high-yield bacterial strain constructed by utilizing the method, and method for utilizing the bacterial strain to prepare ALA.

Abstract: An example method of decoding video data includes determining a palette for decoding a block, the palette including entries each having a respective palette index, determining a reference run of palette indices for first pixels of the block, and determining a current run of palette indices for second pixels of the block, based on the reference run. Determining the second plurality of palette indices includes locating a reference index of the reference run, the reference index being spaced at least one line from an initial index of the current run, determining a run length of the reference run, a final index of the reference run being separated from the initial index of the current run by at least one index, copying the palette indices of the reference run as the current run of palette indices, and decoding pixels of the copied current run using the palette.

Abstract: Techniques are described for palette-based video coding. In palette-based coding, a video coder may form a “palette” as a table of colors for representing video data of a particular area (e.g., a given block). Rather than coding actual pixel values (or their residuals), the video coder may code palette index values for one or more of the pixels that correspond to entries in the palette representing the colors of the pixels. A palette may be explicitly encoded, predicted from previous palette entries, or a combination thereof. In this disclosure, techniques are described for coding a block of video data that has a single color value using a single color mode as a sub-mode of a palette coding mode. The disclosed techniques enable a block having a single color value to be coded with a reduced number of bits compared to a normal mode of the palette coding mode.

Abstract: An example method of decoding video data includes determining a palette for decoding a block of video data, where the palette includes one or more palette entries each having a respective palette index, determining a first plurality of palette indices for first pixels of the block of video data, enabling a palette coding mode based on a run length of a run of a second plurality of palette indices for second pixels of the block of video data being decoded relative to the first plurality of palette indices meeting a run length threshold, and decoding the run of the second plurality of palette indices relative to the first plurality of palette indices using the palette coding mode.

Abstract: Techniques are described for palette-based video coding. In palette-based coding, a video coder may form a so-called “palette” as a table of colors for representing video data of a given block of video data. Rather than coding actual pixel values or their residuals for the given block, the video coder may code index values for one or more of the pixels. The index values map the pixels to entries in the palette representing the colors of the pixels. Techniques are described for determining the application of deblocking filtering for pixels of palette coded blocks at a video encoder or a video decoder. In addition, techniques are described for determining quantization parameter (QP) values and delta QP values used to quantize escape pixel values of palette coded blocks at the video encoder or the video decoder.

Abstract: Techniques are described for palette-based video coding. In palette-based coding, a video coder may form a so-called “palette” as a table of colors for representing video data of a given block of video data. Rather than coding actual pixel values or their residuals for the given block, the video coder may code index values for one or more of the pixels. The index values map the pixels to entries in the palette representing the colors of the pixels. Techniques are described for determining the application of deblocking filtering for pixels of palette coded blocks at a video encoder or a video decoder. In addition, techniques are described for determining quantization parameter (QP) values and delta QP values used to quantize escape pixel values of palette coded blocks at the video encoder or the video decoder.

Abstract: In an example, a method of coding video data includes determining, for a pixel associated with a palette index that relates a value of the pixel to a color value in a palette of colors used for coding the pixel, a run length of a run of palette indices being coded with the palette index of the pixel, the method also includes determining a maximum run length for a maximum run of palette indices able to be coded with the palette index of the pixel, and coding data that indicates the run length based on the determined maximum run length.

Abstract: In an example a method of processing video data includes determining a run value that indicates a run-length of a run of a palette index of a block of video data, wherein the palette index is associated with a color value in a palette of color values for coding the block of video data, the method also includes determining a context for context adaptive coding of data that represents the run value based on the palette index, and coding the data that represents run value from a bitstream using the determined context.

Abstract: In an example, a method of processing video data includes determining a value of a block-level syntax element that indicates, for all samples of a block of video data, whether at least one respective sample of the block is coded based on a color value of the at least one respective sample not being included in a palette of colors for coding the block of video data. The method also includes coding the block of video data based on the value.

Abstract: In an example, a method of processing video data includes coding at least one of data that indicates a maximum palette size of a palette of color values for coding a block of video data or data that indicates a maximum palette predictor size of a palette predictor for determining the palette of color values. The method also includes coding the block of video data in accordance with the data.

Abstract: In an example a method of processing video data includes determining a first palette for a first block of video data that is located in a first row of blocks, generating a predictor palette for constructing at least one second palette of at least one second block of video data in the first row of blocks coded, reinitializing the predictor palette for determining a third palette of a third block of video data that is located in a second row of blocks, wherein re-initializing the predictor palette comprises re-initializing the predictor palette based on the one or more palette entries of the first palette or an initial predictor palette generated after coding the first block, determining the third palette of the third block based on the re-initialized predictor palette, and coding the third block using the third palette.