Abstract: A substrate container with enhanced flow field therein includes a box, at least one offset inflation mechanism and at least one gas diffusion mechanism. The offset inflation mechanism is disposed outside internal receiving space of the box. The offset inflation mechanism has a gaseous chamber extending in the same direction as a bottom panel. The gas diffusion mechanism includes a base, a partition wall and at least one diffusion member. The base masks an outlet of the gaseous chamber to form an auxiliary gaseous chamber. The partition wall extends perpendicularly to the bottom panel to form a vertical first gas channel in communication with the auxiliary gaseous chamber. The diffusion member and the partition wall together define a second gas channel. The partition wall has at least one gap whereby the first gas channel and the second gas channel are in communication with each other.

Abstract: Semiconductor devices having improved gate electrode structures and methods of forming the same are disclosed. In an embodiment, a semiconductor device includes a gate structure over a semiconductor substrate, the gate structure including a high-k dielectric layer; an n-type work function layer over the high-k dielectric layer; an anti-reaction layer over the n-type work function layer, the anti-reaction layer including a dielectric material; a p-type work function layer over the anti-reaction layer, the p-type work function layer covering top surfaces of the anti-reaction layer; and a conductive cap layer over the p-type work function layer.

Abstract: Semiconductor devices having improved gate electrode structures and methods of forming the same are disclosed. In an embodiment, a semiconductor device includes a gate structure over a semiconductor substrate, the gate structure including a high-k dielectric layer; an n-type work function layer over the high-k dielectric layer; an anti-reaction layer over the n-type work function layer, the anti-reaction layer including a dielectric material; a p-type work function layer over the anti-reaction layer, the p-type work function layer covering top surfaces of the anti-reaction layer; and a conductive cap layer over the p-type work function layer.

Abstract: A method for preparing a semiconductor device includes providing an integrated circuit die having a bond pad. The bond pad includes aluminum (Al). The method also includes etching a top portion of the bond pad to form a recess, and bonding a wire bond to the recess in the bond pad. The wire bond includes copper (Cu).

Abstract: A package structure and a method of forming the same are provided. The package structure includes a die, an encapsulant, a redistribution layer (RDL) structure, a passive device, and a plurality of dummy items. The encapsulant laterally encapsulates the die. The RDL structure is disposed on the die and the encapsulant. The passive device is disposed on and electrically bonded to the RDL structure. The plurality of dummy items are disposed on the RDL structure and laterally aside the passive device, wherein top surfaces of the plurality of dummy items are higher than a top surface of the passive device.

Abstract: An optical element driving mechanism is provided and includes a fixed assembly, a movable assembly, a driving assembly and a stopping assembly. The fixed assembly has a main axis. The movable assembly is configured to connect an optical element, and the movable assembly is movable relative to the fixed assembly. The driving assembly is configured to drive the movable assembly to move relative to the fixed assembly. The stopping assembly is configured to limit the movement of the movable assembly relative to the fixed assembly within a range of motion.

Abstract: A package structure and a method of forming the same are provided. The package structure includes a die, an encapsulant, a redistribution layer (RDL) structure, a passive device, and a plurality of dummy items. The encapsulant laterally encapsulates the die. The RDL structure is disposed on the die and the encapsulant. The passive device is disposed on and electrically bonded to the RDL structure. The plurality of dummy items are disposed on the RDL structure and laterally aside the passive device, wherein top surfaces of the plurality of dummy items are higher than a top surface of the passive device.

Abstract: An optical measurement apparatus includes a thermal insulation housing, a first light-transmissive plate, a second light-transmissive plate, a heat-conductive layer, a cooling source and a photosensor. The thermal insulation housing, the first light-transmissive plate and the second light-transmissive plate define a chamber. The heat-conductive layer is disposed in the chamber, the cooling source is coupled to the heat-conductive layer, and the photosensor is disposed outside the chamber and on one side of the second light-transmissive plate facing away from the first light-transmissive plate.

Abstract: An optical lens includes an aperture, a first lens, a second lens, a third lens, and a fourth lens sequentially in a direction. One of the first lens and the second lens has positive refracting power, and the other has negative refracting power. The third lens has refracting power, and is a lens with a largest diameter in the optical lens. The fourth lens has the refracting power. The four lenses are made of glass. For light having a wavelength of 1315 nm, a transmittance of the optical lens is greater than ninety percent.

Abstract: An optical lens includes a first lens group, an aperture, and a second lens group which are sequentially arranged along an optical axis from a magnified side to a minified side. The first lens group has a negative refractive power and includes three lenses with refractive powers. The first lens group includes a lens with positive refractive power. The first lens group includes an aspheric lens. The second lens group has a positive refractive power and includes three lenses with refractive power. The second lens group includes a lens with a negative refractive power. The second lens group includes a lens closest to the minified side which is a cemented lens. The second lens group includes an aspheric lens. In the optical lens, a number of the lenses having the refractive powers is within a range from 6 to 8.

Abstract: An optical measurement apparatus includes a thermal insulation housing, a first light-transmissive plate, a second light-transmissive plate, a heat-conductive layer, a cooling source and a photosensor. The thermal insulation housing, the first light-transmissive plate and the second light-transmissive plate define a chamber. The heat-conductive layer is disposed in the chamber, the cooling source is coupled to the heat-conductive layer, and the photosensor is disposed outside the chamber and on one side of the second light-transmissive plate facing away from the first light-transmissive plate.

Abstract: An optical lens includes a first lens group, an aperture, and a second lens group which are sequentially arranged along an optical axis from a magnified side to a minified side. The first lens group has a negative refractive power and includes three lenses with refractive powers. The first lens group includes a lens with positive refractive power. The first lens group includes an aspheric lens. The second lens group has a positive refractive power and includes three lenses with refractive power. The second lens group includes a lens with a negative refractive power. The second lens group includes a lens closest to the minified side which is a cemented lens. The second lens group includes an aspheric lens. In the optical lens, a number of the lenses having the refractive powers is within a range from 6 to 8.

Abstract: A wide-angle lens assembly comprises a first lens, a second lens, a third lens, a fourth lens, a fifth lens and a sixth lens sequentially from an object side to an image side along an optical axis. The first lens is a meniscus lens with negative refractive power. The second lens is with negative refractive power and includes a convex surface facing an object side. The third lens is with positive refractive power and includes a convex surface facing the object side. The fourth lens is with positive refractive power and includes a convex surface facing an image side. The fifth lens is with negative refractive power and includes a convex surface facing the image side. The sixth lens is with positive refractive power. The wide-angle lens assembly satisfies Vd4?Vd5?50, wherein Vd4 is an Abbe number of the fourth lens and Vd5 is an Abbe number of the fifth lens.

Abstract: A lens assembly comprises sequentially from an object side to an image side along an optical axis a first lens, a second lens, a third lens, a fourth lens, a fifth lens and a sixth lens. The first lens is a meniscus lens with negative refractive power. The second lens is a meniscus lens with negative refractive power. The third lens is a biconvex lens with positive refractive power. The fourth lens is a biconvex lens with positive refractive power. The fifth lens is a biconcave lens with negative refractive power. The sixth lens is a biconvex lens with positive refractive power.

Abstract: A wide-angle lens assembly comprises sequentially from an object side to an image side along an optical axis a first lens, a second lens, a third lens, a fourth lens, a fifth lens and a sixth lens. The first lens is with negative refractive power and includes a concave surface facing the image side. The second lens includes a concave surface facing the object side. The third lens includes a convex surface facing the image side. The fourth lens includes a convex surface facing the object side. The fifth lens includes a concave surface facing the image side. The sixth lens is a biconvex lens with positive refractive power. The second lens and the third lens are cemented to form a first cemented lens with positive refractive power. The fourth lens and the fifth lens are cemented to form a second cemented lens with positive refractive power.

Abstract: A wide-angle lens assembly comprises a first lens, a second lens, a third lens, a fourth lens, a fifth lens and a sixth lens sequentially from an object side to an image side along an optical axis. The first lens is a meniscus lens with negative refractive power. The second lens is with negative refractive power and includes a convex surface facing an object side. The third lens is with positive refractive power and includes a convex surface facing the object side. The fourth lens is with positive refractive power and includes a convex surface facing an image side. The fifth lens is with negative refractive power and includes a convex surface facing the image side. The sixth lens is with positive refractive power. The wide-angle lens assembly satisfies Vd4?Vd5?50, wherein Vd4 is an Abbe number of the fourth lens and Vd5 is an Abbe number of the fifth lens.

Abstract: A lens assembly comprises sequentially from an object side to an image side along an optical axis a first lens, a second lens, a third lens, a fourth lens, a fifth lens and a sixth lens. The first lens is a meniscus lens with negative refractive power. The second lens is a meniscus lens with negative refractive power. The third lens is a biconvex lens with positive refractive power. The fourth lens is a biconvex lens with positive refractive power. The fifth lens is a biconcave lens with negative refractive power. The sixth lens is a biconvex lens with positive refractive power.

Abstract: A wide-angle lens assembly comprises sequentially from an object side to an image side along an optical axis a first lens, a second lens, a third lens, a fourth lens, a fifth lens and a sixth lens. The first lens is with negative refractive power and includes a concave surface facing the image side. The second lens includes a concave surface facing the object side. The third lens includes a convex surface facing the image side. The fourth lens includes a convex surface facing the object side. The fifth lens includes a concave surface facing the image side. The sixth lens is a biconvex lens with positive refractive power. The second lens and the third lens are cemented to form a first cemented lens with positive refractive power. The fourth lens and the fifth lens are cemented to form a second cemented lens with positive refractive power.