Abstract: An establishing method of semantic distance map for a moving device, includes capturing an image; obtaining a single-point distance measurement result of the image; performing recognition for the image to obtain a recognition result of each obstacle in the image; and determining a semantic distance map corresponding to the image according to the image, the single-point distance measurement result and the recognition result of each obstacle of in the image; wherein each pixel of the semantic distance map includes an obstacle information, which includes a distance between the moving device and an obstacle, a type of the obstacle, and a recognition probability of the obstacle.

Abstract: A method includes implanting impurities in a semiconductor substrate to form an etch stop region within the semiconductor substrate; forming a transistor structure on a front side of the semiconductor substrate; forming a front-side interconnect structure over the transistor structure; performing a thinning process on a back side of the semiconductor substrate to reduce a thickness of the semiconductor substrate, wherein the thinning process is slowed by the etch stop region; and forming a back-side interconnect structure over the back side of the semiconductor substrate.

Abstract: A method for forming a semiconductor device includes followings. A metal layer is formed to embedded in a first dielectric layer. An etch stop layer is formed over the metal layer and the first dielectric layer. A second dielectric layer is formed over the etch stop layer. A portion of the second dielectric layer is removed to expose a portion of the etch stop layer and to form a via by a dry etching process. The portion of the etch stop layer exposed by the second dielectric layer is removed to expose the metal layer and to form a damascene cavity by a wet etching process. A damascene structure is formed in the damascene cavity.

Abstract: A silicon carbide crystal growing apparatus includes a physical vapor transport unit and an atomic layer deposition unit. The physical vapor transport unit has a crystal growing furnace configured to grow a silicon carbide crystal in an internal space of the crystal growing furnace. The atomic layer deposition unit is coupled to the crystal growing furnace and configured to perform an atomic doping operation on the silicon carbide crystal. A silicon carbide crystal growing method is also provided.

Abstract: Disclosed is a solar cell including a substrate, an electrode layer disposed on the substrate, a p-type light-absorption layer disposed on the electrode layer, an n-type ZnS layer disposed on the p-type light-absorption layer, and a transparent electrode layer disposed on the n-type ZnS layer. The substrate can be immersed into an acidic solution of zinc salt, chelate, and thioacetamide, thereby forming the n-type ZnS layer on the substrate.

Abstract: A method of forming a solar cell structure is provided, which includes forming a metal electrode on a substrate, forming an absorber layer on the metal electrode, and forming a buffer layer on the absorber layer. The method also forms a titanium oxide layer on the buffer layer, wherein a thickness of the titanium oxide layer is greater than 0 and less than 10 nm. The method further forms a transparent conductive oxide layer on the titanium oxide layer. The step of forming the titanium oxide layer is atomic layer deposition (ALD) performed at a temperature of 100° C. to 180° C. with a precursor of titanium tetraisopropoxide.

Abstract: A chemical bath deposition (CBD) apparatus includes a first cap, a second cap, and a solution input/output device. The second cap is arranged corresponding to the first cap so as to form a deposition space. The solution input/output device is located in the first cap so as to feed a solution into/out of the deposition space. The position of the solution input/output device is fixed, or the solution input/output device is movable in the deposition space.

Abstract: Chemical bath deposition (CBD) apparatuses and fabrication methods for compound thin films are presented. A chemical bath deposition apparatus includes a chemical bath reaction container, a substrate chuck for fixing a substrate arranged face-down toward the bottom of the chemical bath reaction container, multiple solution containers connecting to a reaction solution mixer and further connection to the chemical bath reaction container, and a temperature control system including a first heater controlling the temperature of the chemical bath reaction container, a second heater controlling the temperature of the substrate chuck, and a third heater controlling the temperature of the multiple solution containers.

Abstract: Disclosed is a solar cell including a substrate, an electrode layer disposed on the substrate, a p-type light-absorption layer disposed on the electrode layer, an n-type ZnS layer disposed on the p-type light-absorption layer, and a transparent electrode layer disposed on the n-type ZnS layer. The substrate can be immersed into an acidic solution of zinc salt, chelate, and thioacetamide, thereby forming the n-type ZnS layer on the substrate.

Abstract: The disclosure provides a method for fabricating a solar cell, including: providing a first substrate; forming a light absorption precursor layer on the first substrate; conducting a thermal process to the light absorption precursor layer to form a light absorption layer, wherein the light absorption layer includes a first light absorption layer and a second light absorption layer, and the first absorption layer is formed on the first substrate; forming a second substrate on the second light absorption layer; removing the first substrate to expose a surface of the first light absorption layer; forming a zinc sulfide (ZnS) layer on the surface of the first light absorption layer; and forming a transparent conducting oxide (TCO) layer on the zinc sulfide (ZnS) layer.

Abstract: Chemical bath deposition (CBD) apparatuses and fabrication methods for compound thin films are presented. A chemical bath deposition apparatus includes a chemical bath reaction container, a substrate chuck for fixing a substrate arranged face-down toward the bottom of the chemical bath reaction container, multiple solution containers connecting to a reaction solution mixer and further connection to the chemical bath reaction container, and a temperature control system including a first heater controlling the temperature of the chemical bath reaction container, a second heater controlling the temperature of the substrate chuck, and a third heater controlling the temperature of the multiple solution containers.

Abstract: The disclosure provides a method for fabricating a solar cell, including: providing a first substrate; forming a light absorption precursor layer on the first substrate; conducting a thermal process to the light absorption precursor layer to form a light absorption layer, wherein the light absorption layer includes a first light absorption layer and a second light absorption layer, and the first absorption layer is formed on the first substrate; forming a second substrate on the second light absorption layer; removing the first substrate to expose a surface of the first light absorption layer; forming a zinc sulfide (ZnS) layer on the surface of the first light absorption layer; and forming a transparent conducting oxide (TCO) layer on the zinc sulfide (ZnS) layer.

Abstract: Chemical bath deposition (CBD) apparatuses and fabrication methods for compound thin films are presented. A chemical bath deposition apparatus includes a chemical bath reaction container, a substrate chuck for fixing a substrate arranged face-down toward the bottom of the chemical bath reaction container, multiple solution containers connecting to a reaction solution mixer and further connection to the chemical bath reaction container, and a temperature control system including a first heater controlling the temperature of the chemical bath reaction container, a second heater controlling the temperature of the substrate chuck, and a third heater controlling the temperature of the multiple solution containers.

Abstract: A method for forming the alignment films on the substrate and a pixel structure of a liquid crystal display are disclosed. The pixel structure comprises a plurality of pixel units arranged in arrays. Each of the pixel units comprises a first substrate, a second substrate, two first alignment films and two second alignment films. The first alignment film is different from the second alignment film. The second substrate is disposed opposite to the first substrate. The two first alignment films and the two second alignment films are individually disposed on the first substrate and the second substrate, while each of the first alignment films is disposed substantially opposite to one of the second alignment films.

Abstract: The invention provides a film deposition apparatus, which includes a first cover and a second cover, wherein the first cover and the second cover are disposed opposite to each other, and the first cover has at least two holes, and a spacer disposed between the first cover and the second cover, wherein the first cover, the spacer and the second cover form a film deposition space.

Abstract: A chemical bath deposition (CBD) apparatus includes a first cap, a second cap, and a solution input/output device. The second cap is arranged corresponding to the first cap so as to form a deposition space. The solution input/output device is located in the first cap so as to feed a solution into/out of the deposition space. The position of the solution input/output device is fixed, or the solution input/output device is movable in the deposition space.

Abstract: The invention provides a film deposition apparatus, which includes a first cover and a second cover, wherein the first cover and the second cover are disposed opposite to each other, and the first cover has at least two holes, and a spacer disposed between the first cover and the second cover, wherein the first cover, the spacer and the second cover form a film deposition space.

Abstract: Chemical bath deposition (CBD) apparatuses and fabrication methods for compound thin films are presented. A chemical bath deposition apparatus includes a chemical bath reaction container, a substrate chuck for fixing a substrate arranged face-down toward the bottom of the chemical bath reaction container, multiple solution containers connecting to a reaction solution mixer and further connection to the chemical bath reaction container, and a temperature control system including a first heater controlling the temperature of the chemical bath reaction container, a second heater controlling the temperature of the substrate chuck, and a third heater controlling the temperature of the multiple solution containers.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a thin film solar cell with light transmission. The thin film solar cell comprises a substrate, a front electrode layer, an absorption layer, a back electrode layer, a light-transmittance enhancing layer and an encapsulation layer, stacked in a sequence. Part of the back electrode layer is removed in depth so as to form a plurality of light-transmittance regions. Part of the light-transmittance enhancing layer and part of the encapsulation layer are disposed within each light-transmittance region. The light-transmittance enhancing layer has a refractive index between that of a first medium overlaid by the part of the light-transmittance enhancing layer disposed within each light-transmittance region and that of a second medium overlaying the part of the light-transmittance enhancing layer disposed within each light-transmittance region.

Abstract: A thin film solar cell having opaque and highly reflective particles and a manufacturing method thereof are provided. The thin film solar cell at least includes a substrate, a front electrode layer, a first photo-electric converting layer, a second photo-electric converting layer, and a back electrode layer. The particles are made of a highly conductive material, disposed between the first photo-electric converting layer and the second photo-electric converting layer, and distributed in a discontinuous manner. When an incident light strikes the surfaces of the particles, the incident light is reflected within the first photo-electric converting layer and the second photo-electric converting layer so as to increase the propagation path of the incident light through the first photo-electric converting layer and the second photo-electric converting layer.