Abstract: The invention provides a porous polyurethane polishing pad that includes a porous matrix. The matrix has large pores that extend upward from a base surface and open to an upper surface. The large pores are interconnected with tertiary pores, a portion of the large pores is open to a top polishing surface and at least a portion of the large pores extend to the top polishing surface. Spring-arm sections connect lower and upper sections of the large pores. The spring-arm sections all are in a same horizontal direction as measured from the vertical orientation and they combine for increasing compressibility of the polishing pad and contact area of the top polishing surface during polishing.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of forming porous polyurethane polishing pad that includes feeding liquid polyurethane onto a web sheet with a doctor blade while back tensioning the web. Coagulating liquid polyurethane onto the web sheet forms a two-layer substrate. The two-layer substrate has a porous matrix wherein the porous matrix has large pores extending upward from a base surface and open to an upper surface. Spring-arm sections connect lower and upper sections of the large pores.

Abstract: A process for chemical mechanical polishing a substrate containing tungsten and titanium is provided comprising: providing the substrate; providing a polishing composition, containing, as initial components: water; an oxidizing agent; a chitosan; a dicarboxylic acid, wherein the dicarboxylic acid is selected from the group consisting of propanedioic acid and 2-hydroxypropanedioic acid; a source of iron ions; a colloidal silica abrasive with a positive surface charge; and, optionally pH adjusting agent; providing a chemical mechanical polishing pad, having a polishing surface; creating dynamic contact at an interface between the polishing pad and the substrate; and dispensing the polishing composition onto the polishing surface at or near the interface between the polishing pad and the substrate; wherein some of the tungsten (W) and some of the titanium (Ti) is polished away from the substrate with a removal selectivity for the tungsten (W) relative to the titanium (Ti).

Abstract: The invention provides a porous polyurethane polishing pad that includes a porous matrix. The matrix has large pores that extend upward from a base surface and open to an upper surface. The large pores are interconnected with tertiary pores, a portion of the large pores is open to a top polishing surface and at least a portion of the large pores extend to the top polishing surface. Spring-arm sections connect lower and upper sections of the large pores. The spring-arm sections all are in a same horizontal direction as measured from the vertical orientation and they combine for increasing compressibility of the polishing pad and contact area of the top polishing surface during polishing.

Abstract: The invention provides a porous polyurethane polishing pad that includes a porous matrix having large pores that extend upward from a base surface and open to an upper surface. The large pores extend to the top polishing surface and have lower and upper sections with a vertical orientation. The lower and upper sections are offset in a horizontal direction. Middle-sized pores with a columnar shape and a vertical orientation originate adjacent the middle sections and small pores with a columnar shape and a vertical orientation originate between the middle-sized pores. The pores combine for increasing compressibility of the polishing pad and contact area of the top polishing surface during polishing.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of forming porous polyurethane polishing pad that includes feeding liquid polyurethane onto a web sheet with a doctor blade while back tensioning the web. Coagulating liquid polyurethane onto the web sheet forms a two-layer substrate. The two-layer substrate has a porous matrix wherein the porous matrix has large pores extending upward from a base surface and open to an upper surface. Spring-arm sections connect lower and upper sections of the large pores.

Abstract: A process and composition are disclosed for polishing tungsten containing select quaternary phosphonium compounds at low concentrations to at least reduce corrosion rate of tungsten. The process and composition include providing a substrate containing tungsten; providing a stable polishing composition, containing, as initial components: water; an oxidizing agent; select quaternary phosphonium compounds at low concentrations to at least reduce corrosion rate; a dicarboxylic acid, a source of iron ions; a colloidal silica abrasive; and, optionally a pH adjusting agent; providing a chemical mechanical polishing pad, having a polishing surface; creating dynamic contact at an interface between the polishing pad and the substrate; and dispensing the polishing composition onto the polishing surface at or near the interface between the polishing pad and the substrate; wherein some of the tungsten is polished away from the substrate, and corrosion rate of tungsten is reduced.

Abstract: A process for chemical mechanical polishing a substrate containing tungsten is disclosed to reduce corrosion rate and inhibit dishing of the tungsten and erosion of underlying dielectrics. The process includes providing a substrate; providing a polishing composition, containing, as initial components: water; an oxidizing agent; nonionic polyacrylamide; a dicarboxylic acid, a source of iron ions; a colloidal silica abrasive having a negative zeta potential; and, optionally, a pH adjusting agent; providing a chemical mechanical polishing pad, having a polishing surface; creating dynamic contact at an interface between the polishing pad and the substrate; and dispensing the polishing composition onto the polishing surface at or near the interface between the polishing pad and the substrate; wherein some of the tungsten is polished away from the substrate, corrosion rate is reduced, dishing of the tungsten is inhibited as well as erosion of dielectrics underlying the tungsten.

Abstract: A process for chemical mechanical polishing a substrate containing tungsten is disclosed to reduce corrosion rate and inhibit dishing of the tungsten and erosion of underlying dielectrics. The process includes providing a substrate; providing a polishing composition, containing, as initial components: water; an oxidizing agent; nonionic polyacrylamide; a dicarboxylic acid, a source of iron ions; a colloidal silica abrasive having a negative zeta potential; and, optionally, a pH adjusting agent; providing a chemical mechanical polishing pad, having a polishing surface; creating dynamic contact at an interface between the polishing pad and the substrate; and dispensing the polishing composition onto the polishing surface at or near the interface between the polishing pad and the substrate; wherein some of the tungsten is polished away from the substrate, corrosion rate is reduced, dishing of the tungsten is inhibited as well as erosion of dielectrics underlying the tungsten.

Abstract: A process and composition are disclosed for polishing tungsten containing select quaternary phosphonium compounds at low concentrations to at least reduce corrosion rate of tungsten. The process and composition include providing a substrate containing tungsten; providing a stable polishing composition, containing, as initial components: water; an oxidizing agent; select quaternary phosphonium compounds at low concentrations to at least reduce corrosion rate; a dicarboxylic acid, a source of iron ions; a colloidal silica abrasive; and, optionally a pH adjusting agent; providing a chemical mechanical polishing pad, having a polishing surface; creating dynamic contact at an interface between the polishing pad and the substrate; and dispensing the polishing composition onto the polishing surface at or near the interface between the polishing pad and the substrate; wherein some of the tungsten is polished away from the substrate, and corrosion rate of tungsten is reduced.

Abstract: A process for chemical mechanical polishing a substrate containing tungsten is disclosed to reduce static corrosion rate and inhibit dishing of the tungsten and erosion of underlying dielectrics. The process includes providing a substrate; providing a polishing composition, containing, as initial components: water; an oxidizing agent; guar gum; a dicarboxylic acid, a source of iron ions; a colloidal silica abrasive; and, optionally a pH adjusting agent; providing a chemical mechanical polishing pad, having a polishing surface; creating dynamic contact at an interface between the polishing pad and the substrate; and dispensing the polishing composition onto the polishing surface at or near the interface between the polishing pad and the substrate; wherein some of the tungsten (W) is polished away from the substrate, static corrosion rate is reduced, dishing of the tungsten (W) is inhibited as well as erosion of dielectrics underlying the tungsten (W).

Abstract: A process for chemical mechanical polishing a substrate containing tungsten is disclosed to reduce static corrosion rate and inhibit dishing of the tungsten and erosion of underlying dielectrics. The process includes providing a substrate; providing a polishing composition, containing, as initial components: water; an oxidizing agent; alginate; a dicarboxylic acid, a source of iron ions; a colloidal silica abrasive; and, optionally a pH adjusting agent; providing a chemical mechanical polishing pad, having a polishing surface; creating dynamic contact at an interface between the polishing pad and the substrate; and dispensing the polishing composition onto the polishing surface at or near the interface between the polishing pad and the substrate; wherein some of the tungsten (W) is polished away from the substrate, static corrosion rate is reduced, dishing of the tungsten (W) is inhibited as well as erosion of dielectrics underlying the tungsten (W).

Abstract: A process for chemical mechanical polishing a substrate containing tungsten to reduce static corrosion rate and inhibit dishing of the tungsten and erosion of underlying dielectrics is disclosed. The process includes providing a substrate; providing a polishing composition, containing, as initial components: water; an oxidizing agent; xanthan gum; a dicarboxylic acid, a source of iron ions; a colloidal silica abrasive; and, optionally a pH adjusting agent; optionally a surfactant; providing a chemical mechanical polishing pad, having a polishing surface; creating dynamic contact at an interface between the polishing pad and the substrate; and dispensing the polishing composition onto the polishing surface at or near the interface between the polishing pad and the substrate; wherein some of the tungsten (W) is polished away from the substrate, static corrosion rate is reduced, dishing of the tungsten (W) is inhibited as well as erosion of dielectrics underlying the tungsten (W).

Abstract: A process and composition are disclosed for polishing tungsten containing select quaternary phosphonium compounds at low concentrations to at least reduce corrosion rate of tungsten. The process and composition include providing a substrate containing tungsten; providing a stable polishing composition, containing, as initial components: water; an oxidizing agent; select quaternary phosphonium compounds at low concentrations to at least reduce corrosion rate; a dicarboxylic acid, a source of iron ions; a colloidal silica abrasive; and, optionally a pH adjusting agent; providing a chemical mechanical polishing pad, having a polishing surface; creating dynamic contact at an interface between the polishing pad and the substrate; and dispensing the polishing composition onto the polishing surface at or near the interface between the polishing pad and the substrate; wherein some of the tungsten is polished away from the substrate, and corrosion rate of tungsten is reduced.

Abstract: A process for chemical mechanical polishing a substrate containing titanium nitride and titanium is provided comprising: providing a polishing composition, containing, as initial components: water; an oxidizing agent; a linear polyalkylenimine polymer; a colloidal silica abrasive with a positive surface charge; a carboxylic acid; a source of ferric ions; and, optionally pH adjusting agent; wherein the polishing composition has a pH of 1 to 4; providing a chemical mechanical polishing pad, having a polishing surface; creating dynamic contact at an interface between the polishing pad and the substrate; and dispensing the polishing composition onto the polishing surface at or near the interface between the polishing pad and the substrate; wherein at least some of the titanium nitride and at least some of the titanium is polished away with a selectivity between titanium nitride and titanium.

Abstract: A process for chemical mechanical polishing a substrate containing tungsten and titanium is provided comprising: providing the substrate; providing a polishing composition, containing, as initial components: water; an oxidizing agent; an allylamine additive; a carboxylic acid; a source of iron ions; a colloidal silica abrasive with a positive surface charge; and, optionally pH adjusting agent; providing a chemical mechanical polishing pad, having a polishing surface; creating dynamic contact at an interface between the polishing pad and the substrate; and dispensing the polishing composition onto the polishing surface at or near the interface between the polishing pad and the substrate; wherein the tungsten (W) is selectively polished away from the substrate relative to the titanium (Ti).

Abstract: A process for chemical mechanical polishing a substrate containing tungsten is disclosed to reduce static corrosion rate and inhibit dishing of the tungsten and erosion of underlying dielectrics. The process includes providing a substrate; providing a polishing composition, containing, as initial components: water; an oxidizing agent; guar gum; a dicarboxylic acid, a source of iron ions; a colloidal silica abrasive; and, optionally a pH adjusting agent; providing a chemical mechanical polishing pad, having a polishing surface; creating dynamic contact at an interface between the polishing pad and the substrate; and dispensing the polishing composition onto the polishing surface at or near the interface between the polishing pad and the substrate; wherein some of the tungsten (W) is polished away from the substrate, static corrosion rate is reduced, dishing of the tungsten (W) is inhibited as well as erosion of dielectrics underlying the tungsten (W).

Abstract: A process for chemical mechanical polishing a substrate containing tungsten to reduce static corrosion rate and inhibit dishing of the tungsten and erosion of underlying dielectrics is disclosed. The process includes providing a substrate; providing a polishing composition, containing, as initial components: water; an oxidizing agent; xanthan gum; a dicarboxylic acid, a source of iron ions; a colloidal silica abrasive; and, optionally a pH adjusting agent; optionally a surfactant; providing a chemical mechanical polishing pad, having a polishing surface; creating dynamic contact at an interface between the polishing pad and the substrate; and dispensing the polishing composition onto the polishing surface at or near the interface between the polishing pad and the substrate; wherein some of the tungsten (W) is polished away from the substrate, static corrosion rate is reduced, dishing of the tungsten (W) is inhibited as well as erosion of dielectrics underlying the tungsten (W).

Abstract: A process for chemical mechanical polishing a substrate containing tungsten is disclosed to reduce static corrosion rate and inhibit dishing of the tungsten and erosion of underlying dielectrics. The process includes providing a substrate; providing a polishing composition, containing, as initial components: water; an oxidizing agent; alginate; a dicarboxylic acid, a source of iron ions; a colloidal silica abrasive; and, optionally a pH adjusting agent; providing a chemical mechanical polishing pad, having a polishing surface; creating dynamic contact at an interface between the polishing pad and the substrate; and dispensing the polishing composition onto the polishing surface at or near the interface between the polishing pad and the substrate; wherein some of the tungsten (W) is polished away from the substrate, static corrosion rate is reduced, dishing of the tungsten (W) is inhibited as well as erosion of dielectrics underlying the tungsten (W).

Abstract: A process for chemical mechanical polishing a substrate containing tungsten is disclosed to reduce corrosion rate and inhibit dishing of the tungsten and erosion of underlying dielectrics. The process includes providing a substrate; providing a polishing composition, containing, as initial components: water; an oxidizing agent; nonionic polyacrylamide; a dicarboxylic acid, a source of iron ions; a colloidal silica abrasive having a negative zeta potential; and, optionally, a pH adjusting agent; providing a chemical mechanical polishing pad, having a polishing surface; creating dynamic contact at an interface between the polishing pad and the substrate; and dispensing the polishing composition onto the polishing surface at or near the interface between the polishing pad and the substrate; wherein some of the tungsten is polished away from the substrate, corrosion rate is reduced, dishing of the tungsten is inhibited as well as erosion of dielectrics underlying the tungsten.