Abstract: The present invention discloses the use of marker genes in detecting residual pluripotent stem cells, detection methods, and reagent kits, wherein the marker genes include at least one of TDGF1 and TRIML2, which are genes specifically highly expressed in human pluripotent stem cells. The selection of these marker genes is based on high-throughput RNA sequencing technology, which identifies genes that are significantly upregulated specifically in pluripotent stem cells compared to pluripotent stem cell-derived cell samples. A set of candidate genes suitable for identifying residual pluripotent stem cells is then selected and validated. The marker genes provided by the invention can be used to detect and identify residual pluripotent stem cells in pluripotent stem cell-derived cell products for clinical treatment, thus serving as a quality control measure for clinical cell products.