Abstract: A thermal desorption unit includes a tube, an adsorbent material including one material or a combination of several materials disposed inside the tube, holding members disposed inside the tube and configured to hold the adsorbent material in the tube, and a heating wire coiled around the tube and configured to generate heat along the tube. A column module includes a capillary column, a heating wire coiled around the capillary column, a temperature sensor configured to monitor the temperature of the capillary column, and an electrical insulating layer disposed around the capillary column and the heating wire.

Abstract: A microfluidic photoionization detector (PID) may include a substrate and an electrically conductive layer formed on the substrate. The electrically conductive layer may include a microchannel, and a first electrode region and a second electrode region separated from each other by the microchannel, an ohmic contact layer formed on top of the first electrode region and the second electrode region, and a light source formed on the ohmic contact layer for emitting light toward the microchannel.