Abstract: A method for enhanced phytoremediation by changing bioavailability of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) to plants in biosolids amended soil through stabilization or mobilization. A mobilizing reagent can be added at a predetermined dose, to amend the soil around a root system of one or more plants, and the amended soil can also be supplemented with a stabilizing reagent at a predetermined dose to change the bioavailability of (PFAS) to one or more plants in the amended soil. Through adjustment of the mobilizing reagent and stabilizing reagent, the uptake of PFAS by the one or more plants can be selectively increased or decreased.

Abstract: Methods for eliminating environmental contaminants using biomass are disclosed. The methods may include combining at least a portion of a biomass and a solvent within a reactor of a hydrothermal liquefaction system, where at least the portion of the biomass having absorbed and includes an environmental contaminant. The method may also include heating the combination of at least the portion of the biomass and the solvent under predetermined operational characteristics, and generating a plurality of byproducts free of the environmental contaminant.