Abstract: A method for recovering target metal ions from a fluid stream using a chemically enhanced electrodialysis membrane, the method including selecting a cation-exchange membrane comprising a surface, synthesizing an ion sequestrant, wherein the ion sequestrant is capable of binding the target metal ions, grafting the ion sequestrant onto the cation-exchange membrane, wherein the grafting results in a thin layer of the ion sequestrant being affixed to the surface of the cation-exchange membrane, placing the cation-exchange membrane in an electrodialysis unit, wherein the electrodialysis unit comprises an anode, a cathode, and a diluate chamber, passing a diluate stream through the diluate chamber, wherein the diluate stream comprises the target metal ions, passing the diluate stream through the thin layer of the ion sequestrant affixed to the surface of the cation-exchange membrane, and binding the target metal ions to the cathode-exchange membrane.

Abstract: An electrodialysis cell comprises an alternating arrangement of a surface modified cation exchange membrane and an anion exchange membrane. The surface modified cation exchange membrane is lithium selective, and the electrodialysis cell can be particularly useful for recovering lithium or other metals from spent lithium ion batteries or natural salt brines.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and compounds for degrading chlorinated compounds in water. A facile aqueous-based surface treatment of zero-valent iron is provided to increase the reactivity of a zero-valent iron material for degrading chlorinated compounds in the water without the use of a noble metal catalyst. Such a facile aqueous-based surface treatment can be implemented as a surface sulfidation pre-treatment of iron to increase its reactivity towards chlorinated contaminants in water. The disclosed facile aqueous-based surface treatment increases reactivity utilizing sulfur compounds for use in the degradation of the chlorinated compounds in the water.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and compounds for degrading chlorinated compounds in water. A facile aqueous-based surface treatment of zero-valent iron is provided to increase the reactivity of a zero-valent iron material for degrading chlorinated compounds in the water without the use of a noble metal catalyst. Such a facile aqueous-based surface treatment can be implemented as a surface sulfidation pre-treatment of iron to increase its reactivity towards chlorinated contaminants in water. The disclosed facile aqueous-based surface treatment increases reactivity utilizing sulfur compounds for use in the degradation of the chlorinated compounds in the water.