Abstract: A method of heat energy transfer, hi one embodiment, the method comprises the steps of establishing a temperature gradient along a first direction in a heat reservoir with a medium and having a first end portion and an opposite, second end portion defining a length, L, therebetween, wherein the first direction is from the first end portion to the second end portion, such that the first end portion has a first temperature, Ti1; and the second end portion has a second temperature, Ti<Tj1; and applying an electromagnetic field in the heat reservoir to establish an electromagnetic field gradient along a second direction to generate a driving force to transfer heat energy from the second end portion to the first end portion.

Abstract: A method of heat energy transfer, hi one embodiment, the method comprises the steps of establishing a temperature gradient along a first direction in a heat reservoir with a medium and having a first end portion and an opposite, second end portion defining a length, L, therebetween, wherein the first direction is from the first end portion to the second end portion, such that the first end portion has a first temperature, Ti1; and the second end portion has a second temperature, Ti<Tj1; and applying an electromagnetic field in the heat reservoir to establish an electromagnetic field gradient along a second direction to generate a driving force to transfer heat energy from the second end portion to the first end portion.

Abstract: Magneto-vesicles with two different surfactants, i.e., Dioleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE) and dimethyl dioctadecylammonium bromide (DDAB), were synthesized using size controllable magnetite nanoparticles (Dm=9 nm) as cores. From AFM measurements, the average sizes of vesicles and magneto-vesicles are approximately 316 nm and approximately 311 nm, respectively. These biocompatible magneto-vesicles have very good dispersity in aqueous solution and affinity to cells, rendering them potentially useful as magnetic carriers for field-guided drug delivery. Light-emitting dye molecules together with magnetic particles were encapsulated inside these vesicles. An experiment showed that disruption of the vesicles releases the encapsulated dye molecules, thus the principle of using the drug-carrying magneto-vesicles as a drug delivery agent that can be guided by applied magnetic field has been demonstrated.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for passing a focused laser beam through a thin ferrofluid cell creates a spatial distribution in the refractive index of the ferrofluid and generates a diffraction ring patterns. Using a pair of perpendicularly placed ferrofluid cells, two sets of diffraction ring patterns can be produced on two viewing screens. Deformations in the diffraction patterns due to an acceleration can be viewed on the screens, providing a ferrofluid accelerometer. By applying an electric or a magnetic field on a thin ferrofluid sample, the light passing through the sample can be modulated by the field, providing a light modulator. The apparatus and method has applications for detecting acceleration information within a gyroscope and for use in toys.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for passing a focused laser beam through a thin ferrofluid cell creates a spatial distribution in the refractive index of the ferrofluid and generates a diffraction ring patterns. Using a pair of perpendicularly placed ferrofluid cells, two sets of diffraction ring patterns can be produced on two viewing screens. Deformations in the diffraction patterns due to an acceleration can be viewed on the screens, providing a ferrofluid accelerometer. By applying an electric or a magnetic field on a thin ferrofluid sample, the light passing through the sample can be modulated by the field, providing a light modulator. The apparatus and method has applications for detecting acceleration information within a gyroscope and for use in toys.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for passing a focused laser beam through a thin ferrofluid cell creates a spatial distribution in the refractive index of the ferrofluid and generates a diffraction ring patterns. Using a pair of perpendicularly placed ferrofluid cells, two sets of diffraction ring patterns can be produced on two viewing screens. Deformations in the diffraction patterns due to an acceleration can be viewed on the screens, providing a ferrofluid accelerometer. By applying an electric or a magnetic field on a thin ferrofluid sample, the light passing through the sample can be modulated by the field, providing a light modulator. The apparatus and method has applications for detecting acceleration information within a gyroscope and for use in toys.