Abstract: The present invention relates to the field of plastid transformation. The invention provides transformation vectors and methods to obtain transplastomic plants or algae having a transformed plastid comprising the steps of introducing into plastids a recombinant nucleic acid molecule or vector, and two phases of selection with first selection phase using a non-lethal compound and a second selection phase using a lethal compound. Alternatively, the dual selection method is conducted simultaneously using a lower concentration of the lethal compound.

Abstract: Multiple shoot structures are induced from plant tissues (e.g., shoot apices or axillary buds on an artificial medium) to produce multiple shoot cultures. These multi-shoot cultures are then transformed by known transformation methods. Plants are subsequently regenerated from the transformed cells. Crops that may be efficiently transformed by this method include plants normally recalcitrant to transformation such as sugar beet, sunflower, soybean, cotton, tobacco, tomato, peanuts, melons, watermelon, squash, Brassica, and pepper.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for improving the transformation frequency of Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of maize embryos. A preferred method for transforming maize using Agrobacterium comprises the steps of: contacting at least one immature embryo from a maize plant with Agrobacterium capable of transferring at least one gene to said embryo; co-cultivating the embryos with Agrobacterium; culturing the embryos in medium comprising N6 salts, an antibiotic capable of inhibiting the growth of Agrobacterium, and a selective agent to select for embryos expressing the gene; and regenerating plants expressing the gene.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the field of plastid transformation. The invention provides transformation vectors and methods to obtain transplastomic plants or algae having a transformed plastid comprising the steps of introducing into plastids a recombinant nucleic acid molecule or vector, and two phases of selection with first selection phase using a non-lethal compound and a second selection phase using a lethal compound . Alternatively, the dual selection method is conducted simultaneously using a lower concentration of the lethal compound.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for managing memory allocation. Each memory block category contains memory blocks. A request, including an object size, is received to allocate memory to an object. An available memory block is allocated to the object if the memory block category for size corresponding to the object size of the object contains an available memory block. An available memory block from a memory block category having a memory block size larger than the object size is located if an available memory block is absent in the memory block category for sizes corresponding to the object size. The located available memory block is partitioned into memory blocks, having a size corresponding to the object size. A partitioned memory block from the partitioned memory blocks is allocated to the object.

Abstract: Multiple shoot structures are induced from plant tissues (e.g., shoot apices or axillary buds on an artificial medium) to produce multiple shoot cultures. These multi-shoot cultures are then transformed by known transformation methods. Plants are subsequently regenerated from the transformed cells. Crops that may be efficiently transformed by this method include plants normally recalcitrant to transformation such as sugar beet, sunflower, soybean, cotton, tobacco, tomato, peanuts, melons, watermelon, squash, Brassica, and pepper.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for improving the transformation frequency of Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of maize embryos. A preferred method for transforming maize using Agrobacterium comprises the steps of: contacting at least one immature embryo from a maize plant with Agrobacterium capable of transferring at least one gene to said embryo; co-cultivating the embryos with Agrobacterium; culturing the embryos in medium comprising N6 salts, an antibiotic capable of inhibiting the growth of Agrobacterium, and a selective agent to select for embryos expressing the gene; and regenerating plants expressing the gene.