Abstract: The present disclose provides an infiltration line measurement system for a tailings pond and an infiltration line measurement method for a tailings pond. The system includes: buried pipes buried in sub-dams, a lower end of each buried pipe being located below the infiltration line of the corresponding sub-dam; signal transmitting units each slidably provided inside the buried pipe and configured for transmitting an acoustic wave signal; signal receiving units each provided on the corresponding sub-dam of the target tailings pond, located above the infiltration line, and configured for receiving the acoustic wave signal; a processing unit configured to determine infiltration line distribution data of the target tailings pond based on acoustic wave signals.