Abstract: The embodiments of the present invention relate to the field of communications technologies, and provide a method and equipment for diffusing pseudowire route. The method includes: receiving a non-routing protocol message sent by an access equipment, where the non-routing protocol message is a layer 2 management protocol message; obtaining, according to information carried in the non-routing protocol message, a pseudowire route, and sending a routing protocol message carrying the pseudowire route to a switching equipment. The implementation of the embodiments of the present invention is capable of reducing complexity of the access equipment.

Abstract: An electropositive and water-based production well treating fluid system exhibits electropositivity by using a cationic viscosifier meanwhile matched with a cationic fluid loss additive and, optionally, contains a mud-building agent, an electrical stabilizing agent, a colloid-stabilizing agent, lubricant, an oil layer protective agent and/or a weighting agent. The electropositive production well treating fluid can beffer solve the contradiction of technical requirements between “treating fluid stability” and “bore hole stability”, and features a strong ability to inhibit the dispersion of clay, a good effect of protecting oil-gas reservoirs, fast drilling speeds, regular shape of bore holes and good resistance to salt.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electropositive and water-based production well treating fluid system. The production well treating fluid system can be made to exhibit electropositivity by using a cationic viscosifier meanwhile matched with a cationic fluid loss additive and optionally matched with a mud-building agent, electrical stabilizing agent, colloid-stabilizing agent, lubricant, oil layer protective agent and/or weighting agent. Such kind of electropositive production well treating fluid can solve better the contradiction between “treating fluid stability” and “bore hole stability”, and has features in strong ability of inhibiting the dispersion of clay, good effect of protecting oil-gas reservoir, fast drilling speed, regular shape of bore hole and good resistance to salt. The present invention relates further to a method of preparing said production well treating fluid system and use of the drilling fluid and well completion fluid in petroleum drilling and well completion.

Abstract: A novel design of, and method of operation for, a coherent delay lock loop (DLL) for communication systems that employ a pilot channel or pilot symbols is disclosed. Pilot information is used to produce an estimate of signal phase and thereby remove the need for the magnitude operation within the DLL arms. The disclosed design and method afford better time-tracking performance by avoiding the squaring loss (due to the magnitude operation) encountered in noncoherent DLL designs. Alternative embodiments disclose designs and methods that are robust to signal amplitude variation. A first alternative normalizes a DLL error signal by a computed estimate of the squared magnitude of the pilot signal. A second alternative normalizes the error signal using only the early and late signals and therefore is applicable for noncoherent DLL designs as well as coherent DLL designs.