Abstract: A network congestion processing method includes performing Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) marking on a packet using first ECN configuration information, obtaining first network status information indicating a network status when the first ECN configuration information is used; determining second ECN configuration information based on the first ECN configuration information and the first network status information; and performing ECN marking on the packet using the second ECN configuration information.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to microparticles comprising carbon, wherein a plurality of nanoparticles are supported on the surface of the microparticle. The nanoparticles comprise at least one transition metal compound selected from the group consisting of transition metal carbides, transition metal nitrides, transition metal sulfides, transition metal phosphides, transition metal carbonitrides, transition metal sulfonitrides, transition metal carbosulfides, transition metal phosphocarbides, transition metal phosphonitrides, transition metal phosphosulfides, transition metal carbosulfonitrides, transition metal carbophosphonitrides, transition metal phosphosulfonitrides, transition metal carbophosphosulfonitrides, and interstitial derivatives thereof. The present disclosure is also directed to processes for preparing such microparticles and to polymer electrolyte membranes (PEMs) that comprise such microparticles, as well as to the use of such PEMs in fuel cells.

Abstract: Amplitude of an audio input may be dynamically controlled within a predefined range of an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) threshold voltage. In one embodiment, an analog audio signal having a first voltage amplitude may be received by an amplifier. The analog audio signal may be amplified based on a gain control signal and converted to digital audio data by the ADC. The difference of the first voltage amplitude and the threshold voltage of the ADC may be determined and a gain control signal can be adjusted for the amplifier based, at least in part, on the difference in the first voltage amplitude and the threshold voltage of the ADC. The received analog audio signal characterized by a second voltage amplitude can be output.