Abstract: Provided are a solar cell, a method for preparing the same, and a photovoltaic module. The solar cell includes a silicon substrate, a tunneling passivation contact structure, and a second electrode. The silicon substrate includes a first surface and a second surface. The second surface includes first regions and second regions that are alternately arranged. A tunneling passivation is disposed on the second surface in the first region. The tunneling passivation contact structure includes a tunneling layer, a second doped layer, a blocking layer, and a third doped layer that are sequentially disposed on the second surface. A doping type of the second doped layer and the third doped layer are identical to a doping type of the silicon substrate. The second electrode is disposed in the second region and in contact with the third doped layer.

Abstract: Provided is a solar cell. The solar cell includes a silicon substrate, a P-type doping structure located on the back surface of the silicon substrate, an N-type doping structure located on the back surface of the silicon substrate, a spacing region located between the P-type doping structure and the N-type doping structure, a first electrode located on a back surface of the P-type doping structure, and a second electrode located on a back surface of the N-type doping structure. In a first direction, the back surface of the P-type doping structure is higher than the back surface of the N-type doping structure, and the first direction is from a front surface of the silicon substrate to the back surface of the silicon substrate. With the solar cell of the present disclosure, more carriers can be generated and successfully collected, improving a cell efficiency.

Abstract: Provided are a solar cell and a method for preparing the solar cell. The solar cell includes a silicon substrate having a front surface and a back surface. The silicon substrate includes a P-type region located on the back surface, an N-type region located on the back surface; and an isolation region located between the P-type region and the N-type region. The solar cell further includes a first electrode disposed in the P-type region, a second electrode disposed in the N-type region, and an electrical connector disposed in the isolation region and configured to electrically connect a part of the P-type region and a part of the N-type region.

Abstract: A solar cell and a preparation method thereof, and a photovoltaic module. The solar cell includes a silicon substrate including a first surface and a second surface that includes first and second regions. A first tunneling and passivation contact structure is provided on the first region, a second passivation structure is provided on the first and the second regions. The second passivation structure on the first region is disposed on the first tunneling and passivation contact structure. A height difference between portions of a surface of the second passivation structure at a side facing away from the substrate on the first region and on the second region is 0.01 ?m to 8 ?m, and/or a height difference between portions of a surface of the second passivation structure at a side facing towards the substrate on the first region and on the second region is 0.01 ?m to 8 ?m.

Abstract: A method of strengthening through real-time coupling of electrical pulses and laser shock waves is provided. The initial time and duration of the electrical pulses are controlled to be matched with the initial time and duration of the laser shock waves, so that the electrical pulses and the laser shock waves are coupled in real time for material strengthening, the plasticity and the strength of the material are greatly improved, and a large area of the workpiece is uniformly strengthened. By simultaneously introducing the electrical pulses into the pulse current-assisted LSP, a great strengthening effect is achieved through the combination of the electrical pulses and the pulse current-assisted LSP in a short time, thereby reducing the internal defects of the material to a certain extent and further increasing the fatigue life of the material.

Abstract: A method of strengthening through real-time coupling of electrical pulses and laser shock waves is provided. The initial time and duration of the electrical pulses are controlled to be matched with the initial time and duration of the laser shock waves, so that the electrical pulses and the laser shock waves are coupled in real time for material strengthening, the plasticity and the strength of the material are greatly improved, and a large area of the workpiece is uniformly strengthened. By simultaneously introducing the electrical pulses into the pulse current-assisted LSP, a great strengthening effect is achieved through the combination of the electrical pulses and the pulse current-assisted LSP in a short time, thereby reducing the internal defects of the material to a certain extent and further increasing the fatigue life of the material.

Abstract: This is an early identification method for a shallow soil landslide, belonging to the technical field of landslide prevention and control engineering. The present invention accurately determines and identifies a shallow soil landslide in a quantitative manner, improving the early identification efficiency of a landslide and helping to improve the disaster prevention effect.

Abstract: This is an early warning method for a shallow soil landslide based on a digital topographic map, belonging to the field of landslide prevention and control engineering. It has following steps: a. connecting a straight line along an upward bulged intermediate point of a contour line of the topographic map as an intermediate line; b. determining an intermediate point; c. constituting a three-point group of a plane curvature; d. taking an arithmetic average of slopes as a slope ? of a landslide mass. The shallow soil landslide can be early warned without a lot of historical observation data of landslide occurrence, and the dangerous landslide mass can be determined in advance, which greatly improves the applicability of disaster prevention and the early warning efficiency.

Abstract: Techniques for configuring and training an ensemble predictor for click probability of content on search engine results pages. In an aspect, a first stage machine learning algorithm, such as a neural network, is trained using a first training data set. The output of the trained first stage algorithm may be coupled to a second stage machine learning algorithm to form an ensemble predictor. In another aspect, the ensemble predictor is trained using a second training data set, using the output of the first stage algorithm to initialize a priori settings of the second stage algorithm.

Abstract: Disclosed is an early warning method for a shallow soil landslide based on a digital topographic map, belonging to the field of landslide prevention and control engineering. The method is characterized by comprising the following steps: a. connecting a straight line along an upward bulged intermediate point of a contour line of the topographic map as an intermediate line; b. determining an intermediate point; c. constituting a three-point group of a plane curvature; d. taking an arithmetic average of slopes as a slope a of a landslide mass; e. according to the distribution principle of topographic DEM data, assigning all points in each grid with the same values; f. taking an arithmetic average; g. calculating a topographic factor T of a potential landslide mass; h. calculating a rainfall factor R; i. calculating an early warning determination value P of the shallow soil landslide; j. performing early warning according to the early warning determination value P of the shallow soil landslide.

Abstract: This is an early identification method for a shallow soil landslide, belonging to the technical field of landslide prevention and control engineering. The present invention accurately determines and identifies a shallow soil landslide in a quantitative manner, improving the early identification efficiency of a landslide and helping to improve the disaster prevention effect.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a halo test method for an optical chip in an integrated circuit. A captured image array is processed as a circle by: dividing the array into circular patterns on the basis of the radius, reconstructing the circular patterns into a two-dimensional array according to coordinates, and then performing corresponding operations on the obtained array to obtain a desired value. By the halo test method for an optical chip in an integrated circuit provided in the present invention, without increasing any extra hardware cost and under the primary test conditions, the technical problem in the prior art that there is no well-developed method and algorithm for testing halo on a fingerprint on display (FOD) chip is solved.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a halo test method for an optical chip in an integrated circuit. A captured image array is processed as a circle by: dividing the array into circular patterns on the basis of the radius, reconstructing the circular patterns into a two-dimensional array according to coordinates, and then performing corresponding operations on the obtained array to obtain a desired value. By the halo test method for an optical chip in an integrated circuit provided in the present invention, without increasing any extra hardware cost and under the primary test conditions, the technical problem in the prior art that there is no well-developed method and algorithm for testing halo on a fingerprint on display (FOD) chip is solved.

Abstract: Techniques for configuring and training an ensemble predictor for click probability of content on search engine results pages. In an aspect, a first stage machine learning algorithm, such as a neural network, is trained using a first training data set. The output of the trained first stage algorithm may be coupled to a second stage machine learning algorithm to form an ensemble predictor. In another aspect, the ensemble predictor is trained using a second training data set, using the output of the first stage algorithm to initialize a priori settings of the second stage algorithm.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a multiplexed system for electrospraying cooling fluid to produce electrically charged droplets essentially uniform in size for cooling applications. The system comprise a preferably microfabricated fluid distributor consisting of multiple nozzles/atomizers from which the droplets are dispersed, an extractor electrode consisting in an electrically conductive plate with multiple holes coaxial with the nozzles and a third electrode consisting of either the surface to be cooled or another conductive material in contact with said surface. The system provides highly efficient cooling by avoiding the droplet rebound, when the charged droplets are pinned on the surface to be cooled by the electric image force. Testing of a prototype system demonstrated a heat flux removal of 96 W/cm2 with a remarkable cooling efficiency reaching 97%.

Abstract: A particle generation apparatus and a particle generation method each employ: (1) a nozzle from which exits a liquid micro-jet stream; and (2) a ground electrode separated from the nozzle, where both the nozzle and the ground plane are DC voltage biased when operating the nozzle. Each of the particle generating apparatus and the particle generating method also employ a pair of AC electrodes interposed between the nozzle and the ground electrode and perpendicular to the liquid micro-jet stream. When a liquid supply is supplied to the nozzle, a DC voltage bias is supplied to the nozzle and the ground electrode, and an AC voltage bias and AC frequency bias is applied to the pair of AC electrodes a liquid particle spray is generated by the apparatus and the method. With additional parametric adjustment, the liquid particle spray may be monodisperse and bifurcated.

Abstract: A multiplexed emitter source distributor electrode, a related multiplexed electrospray nozzle, a related multiplexed electrospray apparatus and a related coating method that uses the multiplexed electrospray apparatus are all predicated upon at least one of: (1) a linear emitter source density greater than about 15 emitter sources per centimeter; and (2) an area emitter source density greater than about 225 emitter sources per square centimeter. The distributor electrode comprises other than a silicon material (i.e., a metal, metal alloy, ceramic or polymer material). The distributor electrode may be fabricated using a computerized numerical control method that provides the coating method with enhanced uniformity. The nozzle and the apparatus may also use a stepped slotted extractor electrode.