Abstract: Disclosed are peptides having the structure according to formula (Ia) or (Ib) or (II): wherein NH-Q-C(O) is a peptide chain optionally comprising an amino acid residue having a sidechain covalently bonded to Z2; Z1 is a moiety comprising an aromatic group, a therapeutic agent, a fluorophore, or a nanoparticle; Z2 is H, a therapeutic agent, a fluorophore, or a nanoparticle; and J, if present (as in Ib or II), is a linker between the peptide chain and the thiophosphate group or thioester group. Also disclosed are pharmaceutical compositions that contain a peptide, as well as dephosphorylated peptides of the invention, which may take one or more forms include a nanofiber or a supramolecular hydrogel. Use of the peptides for delivering a therapeutic agent or drug moiety into the Golgi apparatus, imaging a cell, treating a patient having a cancerous condition, treating a patient having Alzheimer's or Parkinson's disease are also disclosed.