Abstract: This invention relates to chimeric virus-like particles (VLPs) assembled from a polypeptide comprising a papilloma virus (PV) L1 protein or L1/L2 protein and a target peptide comprising a CD8+ T cell epitope derived from a human pathogen. This invention also relates to methods using the chimeric VLPs as antigen-specific redirectors of immune responses.

Abstract: Disclosed are virus-inspired compositions and preparation methods thereof, where the compositions comprise mutant papillomavirus L1 proteins that spontaneously form capsid backbones and that are conjugated to a peptide comprising an epitope to form immune redirector capsids (IRCs). The epitopes on the peptides are designed to be recognized by a subject's immune system based on the subject's preexisting immune memory developed from the subject's past exposure to the epitope through infection or vaccination. The mutant papillomavirus L1 proteins possess three mutations including an amino-terminal truncation, a carboxy-terminal truncation, and a truncation at helix four. These mutations in the L1 protein yield capsomeres that are form non-canonical T=1 geometry capsid backbones. Disclosed are uses and methods of using the compositions in treating and/or preventing cancers in subjects in need thereof.

Abstract: Disclosed is a new class of conjugated virus-like particles (VLPs). These conjugated VLPs bind a wide variety of tumors and comprise epitopes recognized by a prior T cell immune response already existing in a host. These epitopes are derived from pathogens or previous vaccinations (such as early childhood vaccines). This provokes the body's pre-existing cytotoxic immunity obtained through previous infection or previous childhood vaccination to be redirected to the tumor cells for the elimination of cancer, and form long-term anti-tumor immunity. The described conjugated VLPs are useful for tailoring a broad range of tumors towards a response from existing immunity circumventing the need to identify tumor antigens or generate tumor-specific immune responses.

Abstract: A method for irradiation based on a fluence map includes determining a shield type of each row of a fluence map. The method also includes determining, for each of the two rows, a movement curve indicating a relationship between an irradiation dose in the each of the two rows and a moving position of a leaf pair corresponding to the each of the two rows. The method further includes determining an initial irradiation dose for each of the movement curves and synchronizing one of the movement curves based on the shield types of the two rows. The method also includes selecting at least one irradiation dose of at least one point on an irradiation dose axis and generating a control point according to the selected irradiation dose.

Abstract: The disclosure provides systems and methods for generating a treatment plan for irradiating a target region. The system may obtain at least one parameter from the treatment plan. The at least one parameter may relate to a dose region where is enclosed by an isodose curve. The system may obtain an objective function corresponding to the target region. The objective function may represent a conformity between the target region and the dose region. The system may further generate the treatment plan by optimizing the at least one parameter such that the objective function satisfies an optimization condition.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a radiation method for radiating a fluence map having a zero-fluence region under a movement of MLC (Multi-Leaf Collimator) includes a determining step of determining at least one basic fluence map from the fluence map. The basic fluence map includes a first non-zero fluence region and a second non-fluence region having the zero-fluence region therebetween. The radiation method includes a first radiating step including radiating the first non-zero fluence region, along with moving a first group of leaf pairs and moving a vertical jaw to shade the first group of leaf pairs, and a second radiating step including radiating the second non-zero fluence region, along with moving a second group of leaf pairs and withdrawing the vertical jaw to expose the second group of leaf pairs.

Abstract: Disclosed is a new class of conjugated virus-like particles (VLPs). These conjugated VLPs bind a wide variety of tumors and comprise epitopes recognized by a prior T cell immune response already existing in a host. These epitopes are derived from pathogens or previous vaccinations (such as early childhood vaccines). This provokes the body's pre-existing cytotoxic immunity obtained through previous infection or previous childhood vaccination to be redirected to the tumor cells for the elimination of cancer, and form long-term anti-tumor immunity. The described conjugated VLPs are useful for tailoring a broad range of tumors towards a response from existing immunity circumventing the need to identify tumor antigens or generate tumor-specific immune responses.

Abstract: A radiographic phantom comprises: a body comprising a wax material or a wax-like material, wherein the body has an x-ray attenuation value that is approximately the same as that of a human tissue; and a plurality of crystalline test objects positioned on or within the body. A method comprises: obtaining a radiographic phantom comprising a body and a plurality of crystalline test objects positioned on or within the body, wherein the body comprises a wax material or a wax-like material, and wherein the body has an x-ray attenuation value that is approximately the same as that of a human breast tissue; performing an operation of the radiographic phantom and using a device; and assessing a performance of the device based on the operation.

Abstract: This invention relates to chimeric virus-like particles (VLPs) assembled from a polypeptide comprising a papilloma virus (PV) L1 protein or L1/L2 protein and a target peptide comprising a CD8+ T cell epitope derived from a human pathogen. This invention also relates to methods using the chimeric VLPs as antigen-specific redirectors of immune responses.

Abstract: Disclosed are virus-inspired compositions and preparation methods thereof, where the compositions comprise mutant papillomavirus L1 proteins that spontaneously form capsid backbones and that are conjugated to a peptide comprising an epitope to form immune redirector capsids (IRCs). The epitopes on the peptides are designed to be recognized by a subject's immune system based on the subject's preexisting immune memory developed from the subject's past exposure to the epitope through infection or vaccination. The mutant papillomavirus L1 proteins possess three mutations including an amino-terminal truncation, a carboxy-terminal truncation, and a truncation at helix four. These mutations in the L1 protein yield capsomeres that are form non-canonical T=1 geometry capsid backbones. Disclosed are uses and methods of using the compositions in treating and/or preventing cancers in subjects in need thereof.

Abstract: This invention relates to chimeric virus-like particles (VLPs) assembled from a polypeptide comprising a papilloma virus (PV) L1 protein or L1/L2 protein and a target peptide comprising a CD8+ T cell epitope derived from a human pathogen. This invention also relates to methods using the chimeric VLPs as antigen-specific redirectors of immune responses.

Abstract: A method for irradiation based on a fluence map includes determining a shield type of each row of a fluence map. The method also includes determining, for each of the two rows, a movement curve indicating a relationship between an irradiation dose in the each of the two rows and a moving position of a leaf pair corresponding to the each of the two rows. The method further includes determining an initial irradiation dose for each of the movement curves and synchronizing one of the movement curves based on the shield types of the two rows. The method also includes selecting at least one irradiation dose of at least one point on an irradiation dose axis and generating a control point according to the selected irradiation dose.

Abstract: A method for irradiation based on a fluence map includes determining a shield type of each row of a fluence map. The method also includes determining, for each of the two rows, a movement curve indicating a relationship between an irradiation dose in the each of the two rows and a moving position of a leaf pair corresponding to the each of the two rows. The method further includes determining an initial irradiation dose for each of the movement curves and synchronizing one of the movement curves based on the shield types of the two rows. The method also includes selecting at least one irradiation dose of at least one point on an irradiation dose axis and generating a control point according to the selected irradiation dose.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a radiation method for radiating a fluence map having a zero-fluence region under a movement of MLC (Multi-Leaf Collimator) includes a determining step of determining at least one basic fluence map from the fluence map. The basic fluence map includes a first non-zero fluence region and a second non-fluence region having the zero-fluence region therebetween. The radiation method includes a first radiating step including radiating the first non-zero fluence region, along with moving a first group of leaf pairs and moving a vertical jaw to shade the first group of leaf pairs, and a second radiating step including radiating the second non-zero fluence region, along with moving a second group of leaf pairs and withdrawing the vertical jaw to expose the second group of leaf pairs.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a radiation method for radiating a fluence map having a zero-fluence region under a movement of MLC (Multi-Leaf Collimator) includes a determining step of determining at least one basic fluence map from the fluence map. The basic fluence map includes a first non-zero fluence region and a second non-fluence region having the zero-fluence region therebetween. The radiation method includes a first radiating step including radiating the first non-zero fluence region, along with moving a first group of leaf pairs and moving a vertical jaw to shade the first group of leaf pairs, and a second radiating step including radiating the second non-zero fluence region, along with moving a second group of leaf pairs and withdrawing the vertical jaw to expose the second group of leaf pairs.

Abstract: Disclosed is a new class of conjugated virus-like particles (VLPs). These conjugated VLPs bind a wide variety of tumors and comprise epitopes recognized by a prior T cell immune response already existing in a host. These epitopes are derived from pathogens or previous vaccinations (such as early childhood vaccines). This provokes the body's pre-existing cytotoxic immunity obtained through previous infection or previous childhood vaccination to be redirected to the tumor cells for the elimination of cancer, and form long-term anti-tumor immunity. The described conjugated VLPs are useful for tailoring a broad range of tumors towards a response from existing immunity circumventing the need to identify tumor antigens or generate tumor-specific immune responses.

Abstract: This invention relates to chimeric virus-like particles (VLPs) assembled from a polypeptide comprising a papilloma p virus (PV) L1 protein or L1/L2 protein and a target peptide comprising a CD8+ T cell epitope derived from a human pathogen. This invention also relates to methods using the chimeric VLPs as antigen-specific redirectors of immune responses.

Abstract: A method for irradiation based on a fluence map includes determining a shield type of each row of a fluence map. The method also includes determining, for each of the two rows, a movement curve indicating a relationship between an irradiation dose in the each of the two rows and a moving position of a leaf pair corresponding to the each of the two rows. The method further includes determining an initial irradiation dose for each of the movement curves and synchronizing one of the movement curves based on the shield types of the two rows. The method also includes selecting at least one irradiation dose of at least one point on an irradiation dose axis and generating a control point according to the selected irradiation dose.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a radiation method for radiating a fluence map having a zero-fluence region under a movement of MLC (Multi-Leaf Collimator) includes a determining step of determining at least one basic fluence map from the fluence map. The basic fluence map includes a first non-zero fluence region and a second non-fluence region having the zero-fluence region therebetween. The radiation method includes a first radiating step including radiating the first non-zero fluence region, along with moving a first group of leaf pairs and moving a vertical jaw to shade the first group of leaf pairs, and a second radiating step including radiating the second non-zero fluence region, along with moving a second group of leaf pairs and withdrawing the vertical jaw to expose the second group of leaf pairs.

Abstract: A method for irradiation based on a fluence map includes determining a shield type of each of a plurality of rows of a fluence map. The method also includes determining, for each of the plurality of rows, a movement curve indicating a relationship between an irradiation dose in the each of the plurality of rows and a moving position of a leaf pair corresponding to the each of the plurality of rows. The method further includes determining an initial irradiation dose for each of the movement curves and synchronizing one of the movement curves based on the shield types of the plurality of rows. The method also includes selecting at least one irradiation dose of at least one point on an irradiation dose axis and generating a control point according to the selected irradiation dose.