Abstract: This application relates to an apparatus and methods for enhancing the performance of X-ray reflectometry (XRR) when used in characterizing thin films and nanostructures supported on a flat substrate. In particular, this application is targeted for addressing the difficulties encountered when XRR is applied to samples with very limited sampling volume, i.e. a combination of small sampling area and miniscule sample thickness or structure height. Point focused X-ray with long wavelength, greater than that from a copper anode or 0.154 nm, is preferably used with appropriately controlled collimations on both incident and detection arms to enable the XRR measurements of samples with limited volumes.

Abstract: A processing apparatus and a processing method are provided, which use a charged particle beam device that achieves defection of secondary electrons/reflected electrons at a large angle and cancels out noises of an electromagnetic deflector and an electrostatic deflector to suppress a position shift of a primary electron beam caused by circuit noises of a primary beam/secondary beam separation circuit.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a power switch for use in a power management system including a power source for supplying an electrical current, and a load for receiving the electric current upon establishing a circuit with the power source. The power switch includes a motion sensor, a timer, and a gate. The motion sensor is configured to sense a motion related to an operation of the load and generate an idle signal when the sensed motion is below a predetermined threshold. The timer is coupled with the motion sensor, and it is configured to activate a power-off signal upon detecting the idle signal for a predetermined time period. The gate is coupled with the timer, and it is configured to either complete the circuit when the power-off signal is inactive or break up the circuit when the power-off signal is active.

Abstract: A nanowire structure that includes indium tin oxide and has a hollow core.

Abstract: Apparatuses and methods for pipelining memory operations with error correction coding are disclosed. A method for pipelining consecutive write mask operations is disclosed wherein a second read operation of a second write mask operation occurs during error correction code calculation of a first write mask operation. The method may further including writing data from the first write mask operation during the error correction code calculation of the second write mask operation. A method for pipelining consecutive operations is disclosed where a first read operation may be cancelled if the first operation is not a write mask operation. An apparatus including a memory having separate global read and write input-output lines is disclosed.

Abstract: A fluid-storing, filtering, and gas-discharging apparatus (2) comprising a fluid holder (21), a gas detector (23), and a filter (22). The fluid holder (21) has a protruding apex structure and comprises a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet. A gas-discharging pipe in communication with the outside is arranged on the protruding apex of the fluid holder (21). The gas detector (23) is arranged on the gas-discharging pipe. The filter (22) is fixed within the fluid holder (21) and is connected to the fluid outlet. The fluid-storing, filtering, and gas-discharging apparatus (2) uses the fluid holder (21) and the filter (22) to implement the storage and filtration of a working fluid, while at the same time, the fluid holder (21) having the protruding apex structure ensures complete discharging of gases mixed in the working fluid, thus achieves the goals of fluid storage, filtration, and gas discharge, and provides great reliability.

Abstract: There is provided a charged particle beam apparatus radiating a charged particle beam to a specimen so as to acquire an image of the specimen, the charged particle beam apparatus including: a charged particle gun that generates the charged particle beam; an electron optical system that radiates the charged particle beam emitted from the charged particle gun onto a surface of the specimen so as to scan the surface of the specimen; a detecting unit that detects secondary electrons or reflection electrons emitted from the specimen, and converts the electrons into pulse signals; a pulse signal detecting circuit that detects time detecting information regarding time of the pulse signals converted by the detecting unit, and peak value detecting information regarding each peak value of the pulse signals; and an image processing unit that generates luminance gradation of the acquired image based on a time detecting signal and a peak value detecting signal of the pulse signals detected by the pulse signal detecting ci

Abstract: Various polymeric compositions are described which are particularly well suited for use in forming films for printing. The films can be incorporated in label assemblies and can be subjected to high temperature printing operations without exhibiting excessive curling or other undesirable properties.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates generally to an alkaline electrochemical cell, such as a battery, and in particular to an improved gelled anode suitable for use therein. More specifically, the present disclosure relates to a gelled anode that improves anode discharge efficiency by adjusting physical properties such as apparent density.

Abstract: To provide a charged particle beam apparatus capable of obtaining an image with high contrast and high visibility, the apparatus has: a charged particle optical system; a detection part to detect secondary charged particles generated from the sample; an image formation part to receive a detection signal from the detection part and form an image of the sample; an image processing part to process the image formed with the image formation part; and a display part to display the result of processing with the image processing part, wherein the image formation part has a pulse-count signal processing part to generate cumulative histogram information on a pulse signal component in the detection signal, set a threshold value for pulse signal detection using information on the generated cumulative histogram, and output a detection signal having a value higher than the set threshold value as a pulse signal.

Abstract: Reviewing software source code by receiving a changeset containing identified source code text changes. A computer creates a workflow of a source code module using execution paths among logical groupings of source code statements. The computer identifies logical groupings of source code statements in the workflow that contain text changes. The computer generates an integrated graphical user interface that will display a visual indication of the text changes and the logical groupings that contain the text changes, visually indicate logical groupings that contain text changes when selected by a user, visually indicate source code statements associated with a selected logical grouping in the workflow, link user comments for a source code statement and logical groupings to the associated logical groupings and source code statements, respectively, and visually indicate the linked logical groupings and linked source code statements when a source code statement is selected.

Abstract: An electric motor includes a stator and a rotor. One of the stator and the rotor includes a magnetic core, preferably an iron core. A reactive metal or a mixture or reactive metals is fixed to the magnetic core. The or each reactive metal has a reactivity greater than the reactivity of the metal of the magnetic core. A rotor and a stator is also provided. By fixing the reactive metal or metal mixture to the magnetic core of the motor, rotor or stator, oxidation and corrosion of the core can be avoided or reduced.

Abstract: Mono-layer and multi-layer compostable films are provided. The multi-layered compostable films may generally include a core layer fabricated from one or more compostable resins. Multi-layer compostable films may include at least one skin layer fabricated from the same or different compostable resin used to fabricate the core layer. Also provided are labels formed from such compostable films in combination with aqueous dispersions of bio-based pressure sensitive adhesives. These labels have many possible applications, such as labels for a variety of fruits.

Abstract: The circuitry of an optical receiver reduces the ambient DC component and the pleth DC component to leave a pleth signal with substantially only a pleth AC component. The circuitry also provides gain control and can provide transmit power control to change the range of the pleth AC component to occupy a desired input range of an analog-to-digital converter.

Abstract: A needleless connector module, including: a flow guiding member having a flow guiding channel connecting to a upper portion of the flow guiding member, the upper portion including an ultrasonic welding portion thereon; an elastic valve; and a sleeve tube having an inner annular bottom surface formed on an inner wall of a base portion of the sleeve tube, an limiting portion of annular wall being defined by the inner wall of the base portion, the sleeve tube is sleeved on the elastic valve and assembled with the flow guiding member to allow the inner annular bottom surface to contact with the ultrasonic welding portion and let the limiting portion of the annular wall annularly cover a base side portion of the flow guiding member, so as to improve success of ultrasonic welding between the ultrasonic welding portion and the limiting portion of annular wall.

Abstract: This weak signal detection system has: a statistical data acquisition unit which measures the average value or distribution of an input signal in which is noise superimposed on a desired signal, calculates parameters such as the amplitude or noise dispersion of the desired signal, and outputs the calculated data obtained thereby; a nonlinear characteristic unit which outputs a signal having a nonlinear response with respect to the magnitude of the voltage or the current of the input signal; a signal detection ratio evaluation unit which determines whether the output signal from the nonlinear characteristic unit is the desired signal, calculates the detection ratio in the event that the signal is the desired signal, and outputs detection ratio data; a parameter adjustment unit which, on the basis of detection ratio data obtained by the signal detection ratio evaluation unit and calculated data obtained by the statistical data acquisition unit, adjusts a control parameter pertaining to the responsiveness of the

Abstract: An apparatus and methods for small-angle electron beam scattering measurements in a reflection or a backscattering mode are provided. The apparatus includes an electron source, electron collimation optics before a sample, electron projection optics after the sample, a sample stage capable of holding the sample, and a electron detector module. The electrons emitted from the source are collimated and positioned to impinge nanostructures on the sample. The signals resulting from the interactions between the impinging electrons and the nanostructures are further magnified by the electron projection optics to reach a sufficient angular resolution before recorded by the electron detector module.

Abstract: A method of determining whether a layout is colorable includes assigning nodes to polygon features of the layout. The method includes designating nodes as being adjacent nodes for nodes separated by less than a minimum pitch. The method includes iteratively removing nodes having less than three adjacent nodes from consideration to identify a node arrangement, wherein all nodes in the node arrangement have at least three adjacent nodes. The method includes determining whether the layout is colorable based on the node arrangement. Determining whether the layout is colorable includes independently assessing each internal node of node arrangement to determine whether each internal node of the node arrangement is colorable. The method includes generating a colored layout design for fabrication of the semiconductor device if each internal node of the node arrangement is colorable; and modifying the layout if at least one internal node of the node arrangement is not colorable.

Abstract: A method of producing stable disinfectant for use as a biocidal composition. The method comprises: providing reagents, asynchronously feeding the reagents into a wide space, and allowing all the reagents to come into contact and mix with each other. The reagents comprise: a) an amine source in concentrated form, b) an oxidizing halogen compound in concentrated form, and c) a diluent. The use of asynchronous feeding and a wide space results in a dynamic biocide regimen. This regimen results in a changing environment that infestations have difficulty adapting to. This method also imparts superior results due to the avoidance of channeling effects which would otherwise weaken the effects of the biocide.

Abstract: The disclosure provides an apparatus for aligning first and second plates that are parallel to each other and have the same orientation. The apparatus includes a detector that detects composite small-angle X-ray scattering emitted from patterns of the first and second plates that are perpendicularly impinged by X-ray, and a moving unit that aligns the first and second plates according to a composite amplitude distribution of the composite small-angle X-ray scattering. Therefore, the first and second plates are aligned to each other accurately.