Abstract: A three dimensional (3D) cursor maneuvering system for use by a computer or electro-mechanical system requiring 3D control, includes a tinted 2D planar or locally planar reference surface and a color sensitive mobile device that moves along the tinted reference surface and generates high sensitivity and high resolution absolute positional and motional data by accurately determining variations in the tint. Color index data (e.g. CIE 1931 RGB, etc.) on the tinted reference plane varies from place to place and methods are disclosed for imprinting the reference plane with that data in the form of dyes and pigments that may be reflective, refractive or emissive. When the mobile device moves on or over the reference surface, it captures a series of images whose data (e.g. CIE 1931 RGB) varies in correspondence with the movement of the device. The color index data measured by the mobile device can be mathematically converted into 3D positional and motional data.

Abstract: An optical computer mouse senses movement by detecting the variations in intensity of reflected primary colors from a surface over which the mouse is moved. The surface is illuminated by a plurality of colors of light. An image sensor is formed from an array of photodiodes covered with a color filter array that matches the primary colors of the lights and is used to detect intensity of reflected light of the primary colors from the surface on which the optical computer mouse rests. Variations in the intensity of at least one of the primary colors of reflected light are used to determine movement by the computer mouse. Both the intensity of the individual lights and sensitivity of the array of photo diodes are controlled by a controller.

Abstract: A three-dimensional graphical user interface (3D GUI) configured to be used by a computer, a display system, an electronic system, or an electro-mechanical system. The 3D GUI provides an enhanced user-engaging experience while enabling a user to manipulate the motion of an object of arbitrary size and a multiplicity of independent degrees of freedom, using sufficient degrees of freedom to represent the motion. The 3D GUI includes the functionality of machine learning (ML) and the support vector machine (SVM) and convolutional neural network (CNN) which provides intelligent control of robot kinematics and computer graphics as well as the ability of the user to more quickly learn the more subtle applications of 3D computer graphics.

Abstract: A three-dimensional graphical user interface (3D GUI) configured to be used by a computer, a display system, an electronic system, or an electro-mechanical system. The 3D GUI provides an enhanced user-engaging experience while enabling a user to manipulate the motion of an object of arbitrary size and a multiplicity of independent degrees of freedom, using sufficient degrees of freedom to represent the motion. The 3D GUI includes the functionality of machine learning (ML), which uses support vector machine (SVM) and/or convolutional neural network (CNN) to provide intelligent control of robot kinematics and computer graphics as well as the ability of the user to more quickly learn the more subtle applications of 3D computer graphics.

Abstract: A three-dimensional graphical user interface (3D GUI) configured to be used by a computer, a display system, an electronic system, or an electro-mechanical system. The 3D GUI provides an enhanced user-engaging experience while enabling a user to manipulate the motion of an object of arbitrary size and a multiplicity of independent degrees of freedom, using sufficient degrees of freedom to represent the motion. The 3D GUI is configured to process the kinematics of objects interacting with vector fields by using the analytics of Stokes' law. The 3D GUI is also configured to process distributed neural networks by methods including combining the actions of individual nodes and storing the result as a T matrix product in a central cluster node.

Abstract: A three-dimensional graphical user interface (3D GUI) configured to be used by a computer, a display system, an electronic system, or an electro-mechanical system. The 3D GUI provides an enhanced user-engaging experience while enabling a user to manipulate the motion of an object of arbitrary size and a multiplicity of independent degrees of freedom, using sufficient degrees of freedom to represent the motion. The 3D GUI is configured to process the kinematics of objects interacting with vector fields by using the analytics of Stokes' law. The 3D GUI is also configured to process distributed neural networks by methods including combining the actions of individual nodes and storing the result as a T matrix product in a central cluster node.

Abstract: A three-dimensional (3D) maneuvering device generates 3D data by irradiating a two-dimensional (2D) reference surface with light of variable frequency. The 3D maneuvering device has high sensitivity, high resolution, and immunity from the noise caused by human vibrations. A rotational motion vector is derived by comparing the relative motion vectors derived from a pattern recognition process of surface features on the same reference plane with the positional data derived using the color index data. Thus, a single gestural movement of the operator's hand provides both the translational and rotational motion data simultaneously.

Abstract: A three dimensional (3D) cursor maneuvering system for use by a computer or electro-mechanical system requiring 3D control, includes a tinted 2D planar or locally planar reference surface and a color sensitive mobile device that moves along the tinted reference surface and generates high sensitivity and high resolution absolute positional and motional data by accurately determining variations in the tint. Color index data (e.g. CIE 1931 RGB, etc.) on the tinted reference plane varies from place to place and methods are disclosed for imprinting the reference plane with that data in the form of dyes and pigments that may be reflective, refractive or emissive. When the mobile device moves on or over the reference surface, it captures a series of images whose data (e.g. CIE 1931 RGB) varies in correspondence with the movement of the device. The color index data measured by the mobile device can be mathematically converted into 3D positional and motional data.

Abstract: A three dimensional (3D) cursor maneuvering system for use by a computer or electro-mechanical system requiring 3D control, includes a tinted 2D planar or locally planar reference surface and a color sensitive mobile device that moves along the tinted reference surface and generates high sensitivity and high resolution absolute positional and motional data by accurately determining variations in the tint. Color index data (e.g. CIE 1931 RGB, etc.) on the tinted reference plane varies from place to place and methods are disclosed for imprinting the reference plane with that data in the form of dyes and pigments that may be reflective, refractive or emissive. When the mobile device moves on or over the reference surface, it captures a series of images whose data (e.g. CIE 1931 RGB) varies in correspondence with the movement of the device. The color index data measured by the mobile device can be mathematically converted into 3D positional and motional data.

Abstract: A three-dimensional graphical user interface (3D GUI) configured to be used by a computer, a display system, an electronic system, or an electro-mechanical system. The 3D GUI provides an enhanced user-engaging experience while enabling a user to manipulate the motion of an object of arbitrary size and a multiplicity of independent degrees of freedom, using sufficient degrees of freedom to represent the motion. The 3D GUI includes the functionality of machine learning (ML) and the support vector machine (SVM) and convolutional neural network (CNN) which provides intelligent control of robot kinematics and computer graphics as well as the ability of the user to more quickly learn the more subtle applications of 3D computer graphics.

Abstract: A device for analyzing the surface structure of an object, the device comprising a touchable Lambertian light diffusing surface that covers a cavity containing a light source and an image sensor. The image detector senses the contact of the outer Lambertian surface of the device by a contacting object, for example a finger-tip, by means of light from the light source reflecting back to the image detector. At the same time, ambient light from objects external to the device is diffusely scattered by the Lambertian surface as it enters the cavity and does not affect the ability of the image detector to clearly determine the surface structure of the contacting object. Thus, for example, the surface contours of a fingerprint may be determined with a high signal-to-noise ratio.

Abstract: A three-dimensional graphical user interface (3D GUI) configured to be used by a computer, a display system, an electronic system, or an electro-mechanical system. The 3D GUI provides an enhanced user-engaging experience while enabling a user to manipulate the motion of an object of arbitrary size and a multiplicity of independent degrees of freedom, using sufficient degrees of freedom to represent the motion. During operation, the 3D GUI fetches positional data in absolute address mode and translational and rotational motion vector data from a unique 3D navigation device that uses color as a means of motion detection. The 3D navigation device transforms color index data to the 3D GUI through a matrix representation of the six degrees of freedom (DOF) of motion of an object.

Abstract: A three-dimensional (3D) maneuvering device generates 3D data by irradiating a two-dimensional (2D) reference surface with light of variable frequency. The 3D maneuvering device has high sensitivity, high resolution, and immunity from the noise caused by human vibrations. A rotational motion vector is derived by comparing the relative motion vectors derived from a pattern recognition process of surface features on the same reference plane with the positional data derived using the color index data. Thus, a single gestural movement of the operator's hand provides both the translational and rotational motion data simultaneously.

Abstract: A three dimensional (3D) maneuvering device generates 3D data by irradiating a variably tinted two dimensional (2D) reference surface. The tri-stimuli color index data (e.g. CIE 1931 RGB) is a reliable and high definition source of such tinting. By mathematical conversion, the color index data on the 2D surface is mapped into 3D positional data, i.e. (x, y, z) to be used by a computer, a 3D rendering device or an electronic or electromechanical device such as a 3D printer. The 3D maneuvering device has high sensitivity, high resolution, and immunity from the noise caused by human vibrations. A rotational motion vector is derived by comparing the relative motion vectors derived from a pattern recognition process of surface features on the same reference plane with the positional data derived using the color index data. Thus, a single gestural movement of the operator's hand provides both the translational and rotational motion data simultaneously.

Abstract: A device for analyzing the surface structure of an object, the device comprising a touchable Lambertian light diffusing surface that covers a cavity containing a light source and an image sensor. The image detector senses the contact of the outer Lambertian surface of the device by a contacting object, for example a finger-tip, by means of light from the light source reflecting back to the image detector. At the same time, ambient light from objects external to the device is diffusely scattered by the Lambertian surface as it enters the cavity and does not affect the ability of the image detector to clearly determine the surface structure of the contacting object. Thus, for example, the surface contours of a fingerprint may be determined with a high signal-to-noise ratio.

Abstract: An optical computer mouse senses movement by detecting the variations in intensity of reflected primary colors from a surface over which the mouse is moved. The surface is illuminated by a plurality of colors of light. An image sensor is formed from an array of photodiodes covered with a color filter array that matches the primary colors of the lights and is used to detect intensity of reflected light of the primary colors from the surface on which the optical computer mouse rests. Variations in the intensity of at least one of the primary colors of reflected light are used to determine movement by the computer mouse. Both the intensity of the individual lights and sensitivity of the array of photo diodes are controlled by a controller.

Abstract: A device for analyzing the surface structure of an object, the device comprising a touchable Lambertian light diffusing surface that covers a cavity containing a light source and an image sensor. The image detector senses the contact of the outer Lambertian surface of the device by a contacting object, for example a finger-tip, by means of light from the light source reflecting back to the image detector. At the same time, ambient light from objects external to the device is diffusely scattered by the Lambertian surface as it enters the cavity and does not affect the ability of the image detector to clearly determine the surface structure of the contacting object. Thus, for example, the surface contours of a fingerprint may be determined with a high signal-to-noise ratio.

Abstract: A corona polarization (also denoted “poling”) process and associated apparatus polarizes a ferroelectric polymer thin film while monitoring and evaluating a substrate current whose magnitude, slope and noise profile (Barkhausen noise) varies in accordance with phase transformation processes of crystallites within the film and, thereby, provides an indication of the polarization status. The electric current flowing through the microstructures of the thin film can be modeled by an equivalent circuit, within which electrical charges stored in the respective microstructures are denoted by a plurality of discrete components (e.g., capacitors). Alternatively, the process can be modeled in terms of a hysteresis loop of polarization vs. electric field, corresponding to the availability of recombination sites on the thin-film surface.

Abstract: An optical computer mouse senses movement by detecting the variations in intensity of reflected primary colors from a surface over which the mouse is moved. The surface is illuminated by a plurality of colors of light. An image sensor is formed from an array of photodiodes covered with a color filter array that matches the primary colors of the lights and is used to detect intensity of reflected light of the primary colors from the surface on which the optical computer mouse rests. Variations in the intensity of at least one of the primary colors of reflected light are used to determine movement by the computer mouse. Both the intensity of the individual lights and sensitivity of the array of photo diodes are controlled by a controller.

Abstract: A device for analyzing the surface structure of an object, the device comprising a touchable Lambertian light diffusing surface that covers a cavity containing a light source and an image sensor. The image detector senses the contact of the outer Lambertian surface of the device by a contacting object, for example a finger-tip, by means of light from the light source reflecting back to the image detector. At the same time, ambient light from objects external to the device is diffusely scattered by the Lambertian surface as it enters the cavity and does not affect the ability of the image detector to clearly determine the surface structure of the contacting object. Thus, for example, the surface contours of a fingerprint may be determined with a high signal-to-noise ratio.