Abstract: An antenna structure includes a first substrate and a second substrate. The first substrate includes: a semiconductor chip configured to transmit or receive a first radio-frequency (RF) signal; a first ground layer configured to provide ground to the semiconductor chip; and a signal layer arranged on a side of the first substrate opposite to the semiconductor chip and configured to transmit the first RF signal. The second substrate has an antenna array formed of antenna cells, each of the antenna cells including: a first antenna layer configured to radiate second RF signals based on the first RF signal; a second ground layer configured to provide ground to the first antenna layer. The antenna device further includes a plurality of connectors electrically coupling the semiconductor chip to the antenna array.

Abstract: A certificate requesting method, a certificate issuing method, a certificate system and a computer-readable medium thereof are provided, in which subscriber identity identification information, a private key and a public key certificate bound to a first security chip are converted into a private key bound to a second security chip via an online identity authentication procedure, and the corresponding public key certificate is issued by a certificate authority server, so as to improve the usability, the convenience and the security thereof.

Abstract: Complex event evaluation systems and methods are disclosed. A mathematics model for complex events and corresponding factors, and calculates a critical level of respective complex events according to weightings of respective factors in the mathematics model are provided. If several complex events occur simultaneously, a priority of respective complex events is calculated according to the historic occurrence of respective complex events. The critical level and priority of respective complex events are provided to users for decision making. Additionally, the mathematics model is established and adjusted according to the feedback scores for complex events.

Abstract: Complex event evaluation systems and methods are disclosed. A mathematics model for complex events and corresponding factors, and calculates a critical level of respective complex events according to weightings of respective factors in the mathematics model are provided. If several complex events occur simultaneously, a priority of respective complex events is calculated according to the historic occurrence of respective complex events. The critical level and priority of respective complex events are provided to users for decision making. Additionally, the mathematics model is established and adjusted according to the feedback scores for complex events.

Abstract: A bid method for an auction website is provided. The auction items are searched according to search parameters to acquire candidate items satisfying the search parameters. Item factors and corresponding weights are then acquired. Purchase value for each candidate item is calculated according to the item factors and the weights. The candidate items can be sorted according to the purchase values and listed for further bidding.