Abstract: An electronic device includes an immutable memory, a counter, and a processor. The immutable memory stores a first public key and a second public key in advance, and the first public key and the second public key are unmodifiable. The counter has an anti-rollback protection and counts a counting value. When the counting value is a first value, the processor selects a first public key corresponding to the first value. When the counting value is a second value, the processor selects the second public key corresponding to the second value. When the counting value is a third value, the processor selects the first public key and the second public key. The first value and the second value are in a first state, and the third value is in a second state, where the first state and the second state are different.

Abstract: A method for emulating electrically-erasable programmable read-only memory and a flash memory system are disclosed. The flash memory system includes a control circuit and a flash memory. Each unit of the flash memory is divided into a data field and an address field. A plurality of units are allocated as a first page. When the control circuit receives an instruction to read a specific storage unit of the sector, it determines, starting from an initial unit of an initial page, whether the address field of the unit has been written; when the address field has been written, finding a next address according to the address field until a target unit with an address field that has not been written is found. The control circuit reads the data field of the target unit.

Abstract: A method for driving in-system programming is provided. The method includes receiving a set of driving codes; setting an in-system-programming flag according to the set of driving codes; executing a system reset after the in-system-programming flag is set; detecting whether there is an in-system-programming flag after the system reset is finished; and executing an in-system-programming procedure when an in-system-programming flag is detected.

Abstract: A method for driving in-system programming is provided. The method includes receiving a set of driving codes; setting an in-system-programming flag according to the set of driving codes; executing a system reset after the in-system-programming flag is set; detecting whether there is an in-system-programming flag after the system reset is finished; and executing an in-system-programming procedure when an in-system-programming flag is detected.

Abstract: A wireless communication method is provided, and the method includes the following steps. After a first wireless communication device is powered on, an environment background signal is detected. The detected environment background signal is used to generate a random number to serve as an identity. The first wireless communication device searches for a second wireless communication device, and when the first wireless communication device has found the second wireless communication device, an identity matching procedure is executed by using the identity. After executing the identity matching procedure, wireless communication between the first and the second wireless communication devices is performed.