Abstract: A method is provided for converting input bits into modulation symbols. The modulation symbols include bit positions which are differentiated at least partially in terms of their channel error sensitivity. Convolutionally coded input bits are generated from the input bits using generator polynomials with a prioritization value being allocated to each of the convolutionally coded input bits. The reproduction of the convolutionally coded input bits on the bit positions of the modulation symbols is carried out, taking into account both the channel error sensitivity of the bit positions of the modulation symbols and the prioritization value of the convolutionally coded input bit.

Abstract: A method is provided for channel coding a parameter whose values are correlated with one another to different extents and according to which code words with better distance properties are at least partially associated with the more strongly correlated values of the parameters, and code words with weaker distance properties are at least partially associated with the more weakly correlated values of the parameter.

Abstract: A piezoelectric lighter includes a gas emission arrangement including a pair of jet nozzles and a gas emitting tube communicating with a liquefied gas storage respectively, a gas releasable valve extended from the liquefied gas storage for controlling a flow of gas to the gas emission arrangement, a pair of gas ejecting conduits connected from the gas releasable valve to the two jet nozzles respectively, and a gas ejecting duct connected from the gas releasable valve to the gas emitting tube. Therefore, the piezoelectric lighter is adapted for selectively producing either a pair of jet flames at the same time when the gas discharged to the two jet nozzles through the gas ejecting conduits or producing a visible flame when the gas discharged to the gas emitting tube through the gas ejecting duct.

Abstract: A method and system for decoding information that is output by an information source and transmitted in coded fashion via a transmission channel affected by interference, wherein the influence of statistical information, which is applied along side the transmitted information via the information source, on the decoding is modified as a function of the reliable of the decoding.

Abstract: A palm actuation lighter includes two elongated actuation arms having two opposed outer side gripping surfaces respectively wherein a piezoelectric unit is positioned between the side gripping surfaces. The actuation arms are arranged to compress the piezoelectric unit by a compression force applied on the side gripping surfaces so as to ignite the palm actuation lighter. Therefore, the actuation arms function as a physical barrier to prevent a hand of a child from compressing the piezoelectric unit while an adult is able to compress the actuation arms by using at least two fingers and a thumb of the adult on the side gripping surfaces respectively so as to ignite the palm actuation lighter.

Abstract: A side actuation arrangement is incorporated with a piezoelectric lighter and includes a depressing button movably disposed in an ignition cavity of a lighter case and adapted to depress a movable operating part of a piezoelectric unit, and a side actuation member provided and being actuated on a front or rear side of the lighter case to drive the depressing member to depress the movable operating part of the piezoelectric unit so as to ignite the piezoelectric lighter. Therefore, the depressing button is hidden by the sidewall of the lighter case so as to prevent the piezoelectric lighter from being ignited unintentionally.

Abstract: A piezoelectric lighter includes a gas emission arrangement including a pair of jet nozzles and a gas emitting tube communicating with a liquefied gas storage respectively, a gas releasable valve extended from the liquefied gas storage for controlling a flow of gas to the gas emission arrangement, a pair of gas ejecting conduits connected from the gas releasable valve to the two jet nozzles respectively, and a gas ejecting duct connected from the gas releasable valve to the gas emitting tube. Therefore, the piezoelectric lighter is adapted for selectively producing either a pair of jet flames at the same time when the gas discharged to the two jet nozzles through the gas ejecting conduits or producing a visible flame when the gas discharged to the gas emitting tube through the gas ejecting duct.

Abstract: A piezoelectric jet lighter is adapted for producing both jet flame and visible in order to selectively light a cigarette, a cigar, and a pipe. The piezoelectric jet lighter includes a gas ejecting pipe having a gas releasable valve connected to a jet nozzle for producing the jet flame and two gas emitting nozzles for producing the visible flames respectively. To operate the piezoelectric lighter, a downward force must be applied on an ignition button to ignite the lighter wherein the gas is emitted from the gas ejecting pipe to the jet flame to produce the jet flame. While the downward force is released, the gas releasable valve is automatically switched for allowing gas transported to the gas emitting nozzles to produce the visible flame.

Abstract: A method for transmitting messages is described which is based on the idea of using bit groups of a data packet, which are not required for assigning the bit groups to a specific logic channel, for transmitting a type of information specific to the bit group for the purpose of transmitting a different type of information. In particular new signaling information, the importance of which could not yet have been recognized when the data packets or the bit group structure thereof was being defined, or the transmission of which was not yet regarded as necessary when laying down the transmission standard.

Abstract: For the purpose of error masking, binary representation of parameter values are precoded at the transmitting end by a linear block code before transmission over a faulty channel, and the redundant information added in this way is not used at the receiving end for error detection within the binary parameter representations, but is utilized in the course of a parameter estimation to improve the quality of the estimated parameter values.

Abstract: A piezoelectric jet lighter is adapted for producing both jet flame and visible in order to selectively light a cigarette, a cigar, and a pipe. The piezoelectric jet lighter includes a gas ejecting pipe having a gas releasable valve connected to a jet nozzle for producing the jet flame and two gas emitting nozzles for producing the visible flames respectively. To operate the piezoelectric lighter, a downward force must be applied on an ignition button to ignite the lighter wherein the gas is emitted from the gas ejecting pipe to the jet flame to produce the jet flame. While the downward force is released, the gas releasable valve is automatically switched for allowing gas transported to the gas emitting nozzles to produce the visible flame.

Abstract: A palm actuation lighter includes two elongated actuation arms having two opposed outer side gripping surfaces respectively wherein a piezoelectric unit is positioned between the side gripping surfaces. The actuation arms are arranged to compress the piezoelectric unit by a compression force applied on the side gripping surfaces so as to ignite the palm actuation lighter. Therefore, the actuation arms function as a physical barrier to prevent a hand of a child from compressing the piezoelectric unit while an adult is able to compress the actuation arms by using at least two fingers and a thumb of the adult on the side gripping surfaces respectively so as to ignite the palm actuation lighter.

Abstract: A piezoelectric lighter includes a gas emission arrangement including a pair of jet nozzles and a gas nozzle communicating with a liquefied gas storage respectively, a gas releasable valve extended from the liquefied gas storage for controlling a flow of gas to the gas emission arrangement, a pair of gas ejecting conduits connected from the gas releasable valve to the two jet nozzles respectively, and a gas ejecting duct connected from the gas releasable valve to the gas nozzle. Therefore, the piezoelectric lighter is adapted for selectively producing two jet flames at the same time when the gas discharged to the two jet nozzles through the gas ejecting conduits and producing a visible flame when the gas discharged to the gas nozzle through the gas ejecting duct.

Abstract: Data are received by a receiver in a frame by frame transmission. The received data are processed in a maximum a posteriori probability algorithm using metric increments. In order to calculate the metric increments, use is made of reliability values which have been determined in an estimation unit, using a Kalman filter.

Abstract: A method for coding information in which the information consisting of signal sequences is mapped to binary code words having in each case a plurality of bit positions in such a manner that the redundant information contained in the symbol sequences represents information on the binary values of one or, respectively, some of these binary positions. The result is that the error rate of the decoded bits can be reduced without additional expenditure, and thus information can be transmitted with less interference.

Abstract: For the purpose of error masking, binary representations of parameter values are precoded at the transmitting end by a linear block code before transmission over a faulty channel, and the redundant information added in this way is not used at the receiving end for error detection within the binary parameter representations, but is utilized in the course of a parameter estimation to improve the quality of the estimated parameter values.