Abstract: An RF testing method is applied between a testing instrument and multiple devices under test at least including a first DUT and a second DUT. The testing instrument includes a signal generator and a signal analyzer. A sync signal is sent to the testing instrument and the first DUT, so that the first DUT occupies the signal generator to receive a testing signal from the signal generator. The first DUT sends an uplink signal to the signal analyzer based on the testing signal to occupy the signal analyzer for signal analysis at a first point in time. The sync signal is sent to the testing instrument and the second DUT, so that the second DUT occupies the signal generator to receive the testing signal from the signal generator at a second point in time. The first point in time is parallel to the second point in time.

Abstract: A light source module and a display device are provided. The light source module includes a light source, a light guide plate, and an optical film set including multiple first optical microstructures having a first surface, multiple second optical microstructures having a second surface, and multiple third optical microstructures having a third surface. Each of the multiple first optical microstructures has a first vertex angle, each of the multiple second optical microstructures has a second vertex angle, and each of the multiple third optical microstructures has a third vertex angle. The third vertex angle is less than the first vertex angle, and the first vertex angle is less than or equal to the second vertex angle. By configuring the aforementioned optical microstructures, the light source module of the disclosure may greatly improve the collimation of light and has favorable luminance.

Abstract: Embodiments disclosed herein relate to using an implantation process and a melting anneal process performed on a nanosecond scale to achieve a high surface concentration (surface pile up) dopant profile and a retrograde dopant profile simultaneously. In an embodiment, a method includes forming a source/drain structure in an active area on a substrate, the source/drain structure including a first region comprising germanium, implanting a first dopant into the first region of the source/drain structure to form an amorphous region in at least the first region of the source/drain structure, implanting a second dopant into the amorphous region containing the first dopant, and heating the source/drain structure to liquidize and convert at least the amorphous region into a crystalline region, the crystalline region containing the first dopant and the second dopant.

Abstract: A catadioptric optical membrane, which is disposed on a surface of a substrate, includes a reflection membrane and a matting membrane. The reflection membrane is disposed on an effective optical path area of the substrate and includes a reflection metal membrane and a reflection oxidation membrane. The reflection oxidation membrane includes a first reflection oxidation membrane and a second reflection oxidation membrane. The reflection metal membrane is farther away from the substrate than the first reflection oxidation membrane. The second reflection oxidation membrane is farther away from the substrate than the reflection metal membrane. The matting membrane is disposed on a non-effective optical path area of the substrate. The matting membrane includes a deep-color membrane and a first anti-reflection membrane. The deep-color membrane includes a deep-color metal membrane and a deep-color oxidation membrane. The deep-color membrane is farther away from the substrate than the first anti-reflection membrane.

Abstract: The present application relates to a system and a method for producing vinyl chloride. The system comprise a preheat unit, a gas-liquid separating unit, a heat-recovery unit, a heating unit and a thermal pyrolysis unit, and therefore heat energy of the thermal pyrolysis product can be efficiently recovered. Energy cost of the system can be efficiently lowered with the heat-recovery unit and the heating unit, and further prolonging operating cycle of the system.

Abstract: A method includes forming a gate stack on a first portion of a semiconductor substrate, removing a second portion of the semiconductor substrate on a side of the gate stack to form a recess, growing a semiconductor region starting from the recess, implanting the semiconductor region with an impurity, and performing a melt anneal on the semiconductor region. At least a portion of the semiconductor region is molten during the melt anneal.

Abstract: A method includes forming a pad layer. The pad layer includes a first portion over a first part of a semiconductor substrate, and a second portion over a second part of the semiconductor substrate. The first portion has a first thickness, and the second portion has a second thickness smaller than the first thickness. The semiconductor substrate is then annealed to form a first oxide layer over the first part of the semiconductor substrate, and a second oxide layer over the second part of the semiconductor substrate. The pad layer, the first oxide layer, and the second oxide layer are removed. A semiconductor layer is epitaxially grown over and contacting the first part and the second part of the semiconductor substrate.

Abstract: The disclosure provides a power management method. The power management method is applicable to an electronic device. The electronic device is electrically coupled to an adapter, and includes a system and a battery. The adapter has a feed power. The battery has a discharge power. The power management method of the disclosure includes: reading a power value of the battery; determining a state of the system; and discharging power to the system, when the system is in a power-on state and the power value is greater than a charging stopping value, by using the battery, and controlling, according to the discharge power and the feed power, the adapter to selectively supply power to the system. The disclosure further provides an electronic device using the power management method.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a field effect transistor disposed over a first main surface of a semiconductor substrate, a distributed Bragg reflector disposed over an opposing second main surface of the semiconductor substrate, and a conductive via disposed in the distributed Bragg reflector. The field effect transistor includes a gate structure and a source/drain region. The conductive via passes through the semiconductor substrate and is in direct electrical contact with the source/drain region. A metal silicide is formed in a portion of the source/drain region that is in contact with the conductive via, and thus can reduce contact resistance between the source/drain region and the conductive via. The source/drain region is laser annealed through an opening formed through the distributed Bragg reflector. The distributed Bragg reflector reduces or prevents thermal damage to other regions of the semiconductor device that are protected by the distributed Bragg reflector.

Abstract: A method includes forming a gate stack on a first portion of a semiconductor substrate, removing a second portion of the semiconductor substrate on a side of the gate stack to form a recess, growing a semiconductor region starting from the recess, implanting the semiconductor region with an impurity, and performing a melt anneal on the semiconductor region. At least a portion of the semiconductor region is molten during the melt anneal.

Abstract: An electric bicycle assistance controlling method and an assistance controlling system are applied to an operation processor of an electric bicycle. The electric bicycle assistance controlling method includes defining several health levels and a first power interval and a second power interval, acquiring one health level and a target heart rate interval, and measuring a current human power and a current heart rate. When the current heart rate is within the target heart rate interval, the operation processor determines the assistance controlling system to output a second motor assistance in response to the current human power inside the first power interval, and determines the assistance controlling system to output a third motor assistance in response to the current human power inside the second power interval.

Abstract: In an embodiment, a device includes: a gate structure on a channel region of a substrate; a gate mask on the gate structure, the gate mask including a first dielectric material and an impurity, a concentration of the impurity in the gate mask decreasing in a direction extending from an upper region of the gate mask to a lower region of the gate mask; a gate spacer on sidewalls of the gate mask and the gate structure, the gate spacer including the first dielectric material and the impurity, a concentration of the impurity in the gate spacer decreasing in a direction extending from an upper region of the gate spacer to a lower region of the gate spacer; and a source/drain region adjoining the gate spacer and the channel region.

Abstract: The method includes performing a well implantation process to dope a dopant into a semiconductor substrate; after performing the well implantation process, performing a flash anneal on the semiconductor substrate, the flash anneal including a first preheat step and a first annealing step after the first preheat step, the first preheat step performed at a preheat temperature ranging from about 200° C. to about 800° C., the first annealing step having a peak temperature ramp profile, the peak temperature ramp profile having a peak temperature ranging from about 1000° C. to about 1200° C.; after performing the flash anneal, performing a rapid thermal anneal (RTA) on the semiconductor substrate, the RTA including a second preheat step, the first preheat step of the flash anneal being performed for a shorter duration than the second preheat step of the RTA.

Abstract: A method includes forming an etching mask to cover a mandrel, a first spacer, and a second spacer, and the first spacer and the second spacer are in contact with opposing sidewalls of the mandrel. The etching mask is then patterned, and includes a first portion covering the first spacer, a second portion covering the second spacer, and a bridge portion connecting the first portion to the second portion. The bridge portion has first sidewalls. A first etching process is performed on the mandrel using the etching mask to define pattern, and after the first etching process, the mandrel includes a second bridge portion having second sidewalls vertically aligned to corresponding ones of the first sidewalls. After the mandrel is etched-through, a second etching process is performed to laterally recess the second bridge portion of the mandrel.

Abstract: A method includes forming a first protruding fin and a second protruding fin over a base structure, with a trench located between the first protruding fin and the second protruding fin, depositing a trench-filling material extending into the trench, and performing a laser reflow process on the trench-filling material. In the reflow process, the trench-filling material has a temperature higher than a first melting point of the trench-filling material, and lower than a second melting point of the first protruding fin and the second protruding fin. After the laser reflow process, the trench-filling material is solidified. The method further includes patterning the trench-filling material, with a remaining portion of the trench-filling material forming a part of a gate stack, and forming a source/drain region on a side of the gate stack.

Abstract: In an embodiment, a device includes: a gate structure on a channel region of a substrate; a gate mask on the gate structure, the gate mask including a first dielectric material and an impurity, a concentration of the impurity in the gate mask decreasing in a direction extending from an upper region of the gate mask to a lower region of the gate mask; a gate spacer on sidewalls of the gate mask and the gate structure, the gate spacer including the first dielectric material and the impurity, a concentration of the impurity in the gate spacer decreasing in a direction extending from an upper region of the gate spacer to a lower region of the gate spacer; and a source/drain region adjoining the gate spacer and the channel region.

Abstract: Embodiments disclosed herein relate to using an implantation process and a melting anneal process performed on a nanosecond scale to achieve a high surface concentration (surface pile up) dopant profile and a retrograde dopant profile simultaneously. In an embodiment, a method includes forming a source/drain structure in an active area on a substrate, the source/drain structure including a first region comprising germanium, implanting a first dopant into the first region of the source/drain structure to form an amorphous region in at least the first region of the source/drain structure, implanting a second dopant into the amorphous region containing the first dopant, and heating the source/drain structure to liquidize and convert at least the amorphous region into a crystalline region, the crystalline region containing the first dopant and the second dopant.

Abstract: In a pattern formation method, a photo resist pattern is formed over a target layer to be patterned. An extension material layer is formed on the photo resist pattern. The target layer is patterned by using at least the extension material layer as an etching mask.

Abstract: A method includes forming a first protruding fin and a second protruding fin over a base structure, with a trench located between the first protruding fin and the second protruding fin, depositing a trench-filling material extending into the trench, and performing a laser reflow process on the trench-filling material. In the reflow process, the trench-filling material has a temperature higher than a first melting point of the trench-filling material, and lower than a second melting point of the first protruding fin and the second protruding fin. After the laser reflow process, the trench-filling material is solidified. The method further includes patterning the trench-filling material, with a remaining portion of the trench-filling material forming a part of a gate stack, and forming a source/drain region on a side of the gate stack.

Abstract: A temperature measuring apparatus for measuring a temperature of a substrate is described. A light emitting source that emits light signals such as laser pulses are applied to the substrate. A detector on the other side of the light emitting source receives the reflected laser pulses. The detector further receives emission signals associated with temperature or energy density that is radiated from the surface of the substrate. The temperature measuring apparatus determines the temperature of the substrate during a thermal process using the received laser pulses and the emission signals. To improve the signal to noise ratio of the reflected laser pulses, a polarizer may be used to polarize the laser pulses to have a S polarization. The angle in which the polarized laser pulses are applied towards the substrate may also be controlled to enhance the signal to noise ratio at the detector's end.